scholarly journals Task-residual functional connectivity of language and attention networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella M. Tran ◽  
Keith M. McGregor ◽  
George Andrew James ◽  
Kaundinya Gopinath ◽  
Venkatagiri Krishnamurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Residual Functional

scholarly journals Reduced functional connectivity of fronto-parietal sustained attention networks in severe childhood abuse

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e0188744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heledd Hart ◽  
Lena Lim ◽  
Mitul A. Mehta ◽  
Antonia Chatzieffraimidou ◽  
Charles Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Attention Networks

scholarly journals Dorsal and Ventral Attention Systems Underlie Social and Symbolic Cueing

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Callejas ◽  
Gordon L. Shulman ◽  
Maurizio Corbetta
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Differential Modulations ◽  
Attention Systems ◽  
Symbolic Cues ◽  
Attentional Mechanism ◽  
Gaze Cues

Eye gaze is a powerful cue for orienting attention in space. Studies examining whether gaze and symbolic cues recruit the same neural mechanisms have found mixed results. We tested whether there is a specialized attentional mechanism for social cues. We separately measured BOLD activity during orienting and reorienting attention following predictive gaze and symbolic cues. Results showed that gaze and symbolic cues exerted their influence through the same neural networks but also produced some differential modulations. Dorsal frontoparietal regions in left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and bilateral MT+/lateral occipital cortex only showed orienting effects for symbolic cues, whereas right posterior IPS showed larger validity effects following gaze cues. Both exceptions may reflect the greater automaticity of gaze cues: Symbolic orienting may require more effort, while disengaging attention during reorienting may be more difficult following gaze cues. Face-selective regions, identified with a face localizer, showed selective activations for gaze cues reflecting sensory processing but no attentional modulations. Therefore, no evidence was found linking face-selective regions to a hypothetical, specialized mechanism for orienting attention to gaze cues. However, a functional connectivity analysis showed greater connectivity between face-selective regions and right posterior IPS, posterior STS, and inferior frontal gyrus during gaze cueing, consistent with proposals that face-selective regions may send gaze signals to parts of the dorsal and ventral frontoparietal attention networks. Finally, although the default-mode network is thought to be involved in social cognition, this role does not extend to gaze orienting as these regions were more deactivated following gaze cues and showed less functional connectivity with face-selective regions during gaze cues.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Architecture Underlying the Relations among the Default, Dorsal Attention, and Frontoparietal Control Networks of the Human Brain

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nathan Spreng ◽  
Jorge Sepulcre ◽  
Gary R. Turner ◽  
W. Dale Stevens ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
Frontoparietal Control Network

Human cognition is increasingly characterized as an emergent property of interactions among distributed, functionally specialized brain networks. We recently demonstrated that the antagonistic “default” and “dorsal attention” networks—subserving internally and externally directed cognition, respectively—are modulated by a third “frontoparietal control” network that flexibly couples with either network depending on task domain. However, little is known about the intrinsic functional architecture underlying this relationship. We used graph theory to analyze network properties of intrinsic functional connectivity within and between these three large-scale networks. Task-based activation from three independent studies were used to identify reliable brain regions (“nodes”) of each network. We then examined pairwise connections (“edges”) between nodes, as defined by resting-state functional connectivity MRI. Importantly, we used a novel bootstrap resampling procedure to determine the reliability of graph edges. Furthermore, we examined both full and partial correlations. As predicted, there was a higher degree of integration within each network than between networks. Critically, whereas the default and dorsal attention networks shared little positive connectivity with one another, the frontoparietal control network showed a high degree of between-network interconnectivity with each of these networks. Furthermore, we identified nodes within the frontoparietal control network of three different types—default-aligned, dorsal attention-aligned, and dual-aligned—that we propose play dissociable roles in mediating internetwork communication. The results provide evidence consistent with the idea that the frontoparietal control network plays a pivotal gate-keeping role in goal-directed cognition, mediating the dynamic balance between default and dorsal attention networks.

RESTING FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY REVEALS RESIDUAL FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. e2.138-e2
Author(s):  
Giovanna Zamboni ◽  
Gordon Wilcock ◽  
Gwenaelle Douaud ◽  
Erin Drazich ◽  
Ellen McCulloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Residual Functional

scholarly journals Intrinsic connectomes are a predictive biomarker of remission in major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1537-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar ◽  
Andrea N. Goldstein-Piekarski ◽  
Alexander Fornito ◽  
Leanne M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Although major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with altered functional coupling between disparate neural networks, the degree to which such measures are ameliorated by antidepressant treatment is unclear. It is also unclear whether functional connectivity can be used as a predictive biomarker of treatment response. Here, we used whole-brain functional connectivity analysis to identify neural signatures of remission following antidepressant treatment, and to identify connectomic predictors of treatment response. 163 MDD and 62 healthy individuals underwent functional MRI during pre-treatment baseline and 8-week follow-up sessions. Patients were randomized to escitalopram, sertraline or venlafaxine-XR antidepressants and assessed at follow-up for remission. Baseline measures of intrinsic functional connectivity between each pair of 333 regions were analyzed to identify pre-treatment connectomic features that distinguish remitters from non-remitters. We then interrogated these connectomic differences to determine if they changed post-treatment, distinguished patients from controls, and were modulated by medication type. Irrespective of medication type, remitters were distinguished from non-remitters by greater connectivity within the default mode network (DMN); specifically, between the DMN, fronto-parietal and somatomotor networks, the DMN and visual, limbic, auditory and ventral attention networks, and between the fronto-parietal and somatomotor networks with cingulo-opercular and dorsal attention networks. This baseline hypo-connectivity for non-remitters also distinguished them from controls and increased following treatment. In contrast, connectivity for remitters was higher than controls at baseline and also following remission, suggesting a trait-like connectomic characteristic. Increased functional connectivity within and between large-scale intrinsic brain networks may characterize acute recovery with antidepressants in depression.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Internetwork Functional Connectivity Mediates the Relationship between Serum Triglyceride and Working Memory in Young Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chunli Wang ◽  
Huanhuan Cai ◽  
Xuetian Sun ◽  
Li Si ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has demonstrated that serum lipid profile is associated with cognitive function as well as brain structure and function in middle-aged, elderly, and clinical populations. However, the nature and extent of lipids-brain-cognition relationships in young adulthood are largely unknown. In this study, 157 healthy young adults underwent resting-state functional MRI scans. Functional connectivity between and within 14 functional networks were calculated using independent component analysis. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected to measure serum lipids. Working memory was assessed using a 3-back task. Linear regression, correlation, and mediation analyses were conducted to test for potential associations between serum lipids, inter- and intranetwork functional connectivity, and working memory performance. We found that higher serum triglyceride (TG) level was correlated with stronger connectivity between left frontoparietal and ventral attention networks, between right frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks, between right frontoparietal and dorsal sensorimotor networks, between right frontoparietal and lateral visual networks, and between salience (SN) and ventral sensorimotor (vSMN) networks, as well as lower connectivity between posterior default mode and left frontoparietal networks, between left frontoparietal and medial visual networks, and between ventral attention and dorsal sensorimotor networks. In addition, higher SN-vSMN connectivity was related to lower 3-back accuracy. More importantly, the relationship between serum TG and 3-back accuracy was mediated by SN-vSMN connectivity. Our findings not only may expand existing knowledge regarding serum lipids-brain-cognition relations from the perspective of large-scale functional network organization but also may inform a translational conceptualization of how to improve cognitive function through regulating serum lipids.

scholarly journals Sensory-biased attention networks in human lateral frontal cortex revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity

NeuroImage ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 362-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Tobyne ◽  
David E. Osher ◽  
Samantha W. Michalka ◽  
David C. Somers
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Intrinsic Functional Connectivity

scholarly journals Disrupted stepwise functional brain organization in overweight individuals

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyebin Lee ◽  
Junmo Kwon ◽  
Jong-eun Lee ◽  
Bo-yong Park ◽  
Hyunjin Park
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Functional Hierarchy ◽  
Functional Brain Organization ◽  
The Brain

AbstractFunctional hierarchy establishes core axes of the brain, and overweight individuals show alterations in the networks anchored on these axes, particularly in those involved in sensory and cognitive control systems. However, quantitative assessments of hierarchical brain organization in overweight individuals are lacking. Capitalizing stepwise functional connectivity analysis, we assess altered functional connectivity in overweight individuals relative to healthy weight controls along the brain hierarchy. Seeding from the brain regions associated with obesity phenotypes, we conduct stepwise connectivity analysis at different step distances and compare functional degrees between the groups. We find strong functional connectivity in the somatomotor and prefrontal cortices in both groups, and both converge to transmodal systems, including frontoparietal and default-mode networks, as the number of steps increased. Conversely, compared with the healthy weight group, overweight individuals show a marked decrease in functional degree in somatosensory and attention networks across the steps, whereas visual and limbic networks show an increasing trend. Associating functional degree with eating behaviors, we observe negative associations between functional degrees in sensory networks and hunger and disinhibition-related behaviors. Our findings suggest that overweight individuals show disrupted functional network organization along the hierarchical axis of the brain and these results provide insights for behavioral associations.

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