Increased functional connectivity in gambling disorder correlates with behavioural and emotional dysregulation: Evidence of a role for the cerebellum

2020 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. 112668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Piccoli ◽  
Giuseppe Maniaci ◽  
Giorgio Collura ◽  
Cesare Gagliardo ◽  
Anna Brancato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation

scholarly journals Altered intrinsic functional connectivity of the cingulate cortex in children with severe temper outbursts

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Krain Roy ◽  
Randi Bennett ◽  
Jonathan Posner ◽  
Leslie Hulvershorn ◽  
F. Xavier Castellanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Intrinsic Functional Connectivity ◽  
Midcingulate Cortex ◽  
Temper Outbursts

AbstractSevere temper outbursts (STO) in children are associated with impaired school and family functioning and may contribute to negative outcomes. These outbursts can be conceptualized as excessive frustration responses reflecting reduced emotion regulation capacity. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated in negative affect as well as emotional control, and exhibits disrupted function in children with elevated irritability and outbursts. This study examined the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of a region of the ACC, the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC), in 5- to 9-year-old children with STO (n = 20), comparing them to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) without outbursts (ADHD; n = 18). Additional analyses compared results to a sample of healthy children (HC; n = 18) and examined specific associations with behavioral and emotional dysregulation. Compared to the ADHD group, STO children exhibited reduced iFC between the aMCC and surrounding regions of the ACC, and increased iFC between the aMCC and precuneus. These differences were also seen between the STO and HC groups; ADHD and HC groups did not differ. Specificity analyses found associations between aMCC–ACC connectivity and hyperactivity, and between aMCC–precuneus iFC and emotion dysregulation. Disruption in aMCC networks may underlie the behavioral and emotional dysregulation characteristic of children with STO.

The Role of ADHD Symptomatology and Emotion Dysregulation in Gambling Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 108705471989437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Mestre-Bach ◽  
Trevor Steward ◽  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
Fernando Fernández-Aranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology

Objectives: Although emotion regulation deficits have been implicated in gambling disorder and ADHD, the interplay between these factors has yet to be systematically studied. We examined relationships between ADHD symptoms, emotion regulation, and gambling disorder severity in a sample of treatment-seeking gambling disorder patients ( n = 98). We also examined clinical differences between patients with and without ADHD symptomatology. Method: Structural equation modeling (SEM) evaluated direct and indirect effects of ADHD and emotion regulation on gambling disorder severity. Results: Significant correlations between ADHD symptomatology and emotion regulation and between emotion regulation and gambling disorder severity were identified. Differences in emotion regulation were found between gambling disorder patients with and without ADHD symptomatology. Path analysis revealed emotion regulation to be a mediator between ADHD and gambling disorder. Conclusion: Our findings indicate the presence of ADHD symptomatology to be associated with greater severity of gambling disorder and greater emotional dysregulation.

scholarly journals Disrupted socio-emotional neural circuitry in adolescents with borderline personality traits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Safar ◽  
Julie Sato ◽  
Anthony C. Ruocco ◽  
Marshall S. Korenblum ◽  
Helen O'Halpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Angry Face ◽  
Implicit Perception ◽  
Functional Circuitry

Background: Disruptions in fronto-limbic functional connectivity have been reported in adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD), although it is not yet known whether functional circuitry is similarly altered in adolescents with high levels of BPD traits. Methods: Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), the current study investigated task-dependent functional connectivity of eight a priori regions of interest implicated in emotional and social processing during the implicit perception of emotional faces (angry and happy), in 8 female adolescents with BPD traits and 8 age-matched female controls. Results: A network comprising reduced alpha-band phase synchrony during implicit angry face perception was observed in adolescents with BPD traits compared to controls. The network involved brain regions within a fronto-limbic circuit, including connections among bilateral amygdalae and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and additional regions implicated in emotion processing. Conclusions: Results suggest that disrupted interregional oscillatory communication during the perception of threatening emotional expressions might contribute to the socio-emotional dysregulation and maladaptive behavioral responses commonly found in adolescents high in BPD traits. Furthermore, we speculate that this aberrant neural connectivity subserves the emergence of the disorder in adults.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of cue-induced changes in decision-making distinguish subjects with gambling disorder from healthy controls

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Genauck ◽  
Caroline Matthis ◽  
Milan Andrejevic ◽  
Lukas Ballon ◽  
Francesca Chiarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Emotional Cues ◽  
Network Activation ◽  
Neural Signatures

Background: Just as substance use disorders (SUDs), gambling disorder (GD) is characterized by an increase in cue-dependent decision-making (similar to Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer, PIT). PIT, as studied in SUDs and healthy subjects, is associated with altered communication between Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc), amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). These neural differences are, however, poorly understood. For example, it is unclear whether they are due to the physiological effects of substance abuse, or rather related to learning processes and/or other etiological factors like innate traits associated with addiction. We have thus investigated whether network activation patterns during a PIT task are also altered in GD, an addictive disorder not involving substance abuse. We have specifically studied which neural PIT patterns were best at distinguishing GD from HC subjects, all to improve our understanding of the neural signatures of GD and of addiction-related PIT in general. Methods: 30 GD and 30 HC subjects completed an affective decision-making task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. Gambling associated and other emotional cues were shown in the background during the task, allowing us to record multivariate neural PIT signatures focusing on a network of NAcc, amygdala and OFC. We built and tested a classifier based on these multivariate neural PIT signatures using cross-validated elastic net regression. Results and Discussion: As expected, GD subjects showed stronger PIT than HC subjects because they showed stronger increase in gamble acceptance when gambling cues were presented in the background. Classification based on neural PIT signatures yielded a significant AUC-ROC (0.70, p = 0.013). When inspecting the features of the classifier, we observed that GD showed stronger PIT-related functional connectivity between NAcc and amygdala elicited by gambling background cues, as well as between amygdala and OFC elicited by negative and positive cues. Conclusion: We propose that HC and GD subjects are distinguishable by PIT-related neural signatures including amygdala-NAcc-OFC functional connectivity. Our findings suggest that neural PIT alterations in addictive disorders might not depend on the physiological effect of a substance of abuse, but on related learning processes or even innate neural traits, also found in behavioral addictions.

scholarly journals Distinct large-scale networks are associated with motor and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sule Tinaz ◽  
Serageldin Kamel ◽  
Sai S. Aravala ◽  
Mine Sezgin ◽  
Mohamed Elfil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Nonmotor Symptoms ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
Brain Data

ABSTRACTParkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized clinically by various motor and nonmotor symptoms. The underlying neuroanatomical correlates of nonmotor symptoms in PD remain poorly understood. We investigated the differences and commonalities in the neuroanatomical correlates 1) between highly prevalent nonmotor features including fatigue, anxiety, depression, and apathy, and 2) between these nonmotor features and motor severity in nondemented subjects with mild PD (Hoehn & Yahr disease stage 2) using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to matched controls, the PD group showed atrophy in the basal ganglia and superior frontal cortex. Motor severity correlated with cortical thinning in frontotemporal regions, as well as with reduced functional connectivity between the frontostriatal and cerebellar networks. The composite nonmotor symptom severity did not show any correlation with the structural brain data, but correlated with reduced functional connectivity in a large-scale network consisting of frontostriatal, parietotemporal, and cerebellar nodes. The individual components of the nonmotor symptoms also mapped onto specific neural networks. Our study shows that motor and nonmotor features in PD are associated with distinct large-scale networks. The basal ganglia and cerebellum are core regions in all of these networks. The abnormal functional connectivity in the nonmotor network seems to be related to cognitive and emotional dysregulation and may have implications for future cognitive decline in PD.

scholarly journals Borderline personality disorder with cocaine dependence: impulsivity, emotional dysregulation and amygdala functional connectivity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thania Balducci ◽  
Jorge J Gonzalez-Olvera ◽  
Diego Angeles-Valdez ◽  
Isabel Espinoza-Luna ◽  
Eduardo A Garza-Villarreal
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Cocaine Dependence ◽  
Opposing Effects

AbstractObjective: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is present in 19% of cocaine dependence (CD) cases; however, this dual pathology (DP) is poorly understood. We assessed impulsivity, emotional dysregulation (ED) and amygdala functional connectivity in this DP.Methods. We recruited 69 participants divided into 4 groups: DP (n = 20), CD without BPD (n = 19), BPD without CD (n = 10) and healthy controls (HC, n = 20). We used self-reported instruments to measure impulsivity and ED. We acquired resting state fMRI and performed seed-based analyses of functional connectivity (FC) of bilateral amygdalas.Results. BPD and CD factors had opposing effects in impulsivity and ED, as well as on FC between left amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. For the FC between right amygdala and left insula, the effect of having both disorders was additive, reducing FC strength. Significant FC clusters were correlated with impulsivity and ED.Conclusions. In this preliminary study, we found that clinical scores of DP patients were closer to those of BPD without CD than to those of CD without BPD, while amygdala to medial prefrontal cortex FC patterns in DP patients were closer to HC than expected.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document