Cell death and inflammation during infection with the obligate intracellular pathogen, Chlamydia

Biochimie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 763-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Perfettini ◽  
Véronique Hospital ◽  
Lynn Stahl ◽  
Thomas Jungas ◽  
Philippe Verbeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Pathogen

scholarly journals Coxiella burnetii Inhibits Activation of Host Cell Apoptosis through a Mechanism That Involves Preventing Cytochrome c Release from Mitochondria

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 5282-5289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Lührmann ◽  
Craig R. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Cell Death Pathway ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Pathogen

ABSTRACT Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular pathogen and the etiological agent of the human disease Q fever. C. burnetii infects mammalian cells and then remodels the membrane-bound compartment in which it resides into a unique lysosome-derived organelle that supports bacterial multiplication. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which C. burnetii is able to multiply intracellularly, we examined the ability of host cells to respond to signals that normally induce apoptosis. Our data show that mammalian cells infected with C. burnetii are resistant to apoptosis induced by staurosporine and UV light. C. burnetii infection prevented caspase 3/7 activation and limited fragmentation of the host cell nucleus in response to agonists that induce apoptosis. Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis reduced the antiapoptotic effect that C. burnetii exerted on infected host cells. Inhibition of apoptosis in C. burnetii-infected cells did not correlate with the degradation of proapoptotic BH3-only proteins involved in activation of the intrinsic cell death pathway; however, cytochrome c release from mitochondria was diminished in cells infected with C. burnetii upon induction of apoptosis. These data indicate that C. burnetii can interfere with the intrinsic cell death pathway during infection by producing proteins that either directly or indirectly prevent release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. It is likely that inhibition of apoptosis by C. burnetii represents an important virulence property that allows this obligate intracellular pathogen to maintain host cell viability despite inducing stress that would normally activate the intrinsic death pathway.

scholarly journals Hijacking and Use of Host Kinases by Chlamydiae

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Prakash Sah ◽  
Erika I. Lutter
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Host Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Pathogen

Chlamydia species are causative agents of sexually transmitted infections, blinding trachoma, and animal infections with zoonotic potential. Being an obligate intracellular pathogen, Chlamydia relies on the host cell for its survival and development, subverting various host cell processes throughout the infection cycle. A key subset of host proteins utilized by Chlamydia include an assortment of host kinase signaling networks which are vital for many chlamydial processes including entry, nutrient acquisition, and suppression of host cell apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in our understanding of host kinase subversion by Chlamydia.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Xinjiang, China

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyuan Zhang ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Aiyun Zhao ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Zilin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Dominant Genotype ◽  
Group 1

Enterocytozoon bieneusi, an obligate intracellular pathogen, can infect a wide variety of hosts. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of E. bieneusi in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in China. A total of 185 alpaca fecal samples were collected from five herds in Tacheng, Wensu, Hejing, Qinghe, and Nilka counties in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected by nested PCR of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Twenty-eight fecal samples (15.1%, 28/185) were positive for E. bieneusi, with the highest prevalence in alpacas from Qinghe (42.9%, 15/35). Four E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, which included two known (P and ALP3) and two novel (ALP7 and ALP8) genotypes. Genotype ALP3 was the dominant genotype (57.1%, 16/28), followed by genotypes P (32.1%, 9/28), ALP7 (7.1%, 2/28), and ALP8 (2.6%, 1/28). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that three genotypes (P, ALP7, and ALP3) clustered into group 1, whereas genotype ALP8 clustered into group 8. This is the first report of E. bieneusi infection and genetic diversity in alpacas from Xinjiang, China.

scholarly journals Host-derived glucose and its transporter in the obligate intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii are dispensable by glutaminolysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (31) ◽  
pp. 12998-13003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Blume ◽  
D. Rodriguez-Contreras ◽  
S. Landfear ◽  
T. Fleige ◽  
D. Soldati-Favre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Pathogen
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