scholarly journals Comparing continuous and batch operation for high-rate treatment of urban wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 106077
Author(s):  
Natalia Rey-Martínez ◽  
Aloia Barreiro-López ◽  
Albert Guisasola ◽  
Juan A. Baeza
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Batch Operation

scholarly journals Behavior of UV Filters, UV Blockers and Pharmaceuticals in High Rate Algal Ponds Treating Urban Wastewater

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2658
Author(s):  
Lucas Vassalle ◽  
Adrià Sunyer-Caldú ◽  
M. Silvia Díaz-Cruz ◽  
Larissa Terumi Arashiro ◽  
Ivet Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uv Filters ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
No Elimination ◽  
Influent Wastewater

The present study evaluated the efficiency of a high rate algal pond (HRAP) at pilot scale to remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from urban wastewater, including UV-filters and parabens (10), benzotriazoles (4), antibiotics (15), anti-inflammatories (3) and other pharmaceuticals (3). A total of 35 compounds were targeted, of which 21 were detected in the influent wastewater to the HRAP. Removals (RE%) for pharmaceuticals were variable, with efficient eliminations for atenolol (84%) and sulfathiazole (100%), whereas the anti-inflammatories naproxen and ketoprofen were only partially removed <50%. Benzotriazoles showed elimination rates similar to those of conventional WWTPs, with RE% ranging from no elimination to 51% for the UV filter benzophenone-3 (BP3) and 100% for 4-methylbenzilidenecamphor (4MBC). Hazard quotients (HQs) were estimated for those compounds not fully eliminated in the HRAP, as well as the cumulative ecotoxicity in the resulting effluent. The majority of the compounds yielded HQs < 0.1, meaning that no environmental risk would be derived from their discharge. Overall, these results clearly indicate that HRAPs are a reliable, green and cost-effective alternative to intensive wastewater treatment, yielding promising results removing these contaminants.

Removal of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater: High rate algae pond (HRAP) based technologies as an alternative to activated sludge based processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Villar-Navarro ◽  
Rosa M. Baena-Nogueras ◽  
Maria Paniw ◽  
José A. Perales ◽  
Pablo A. Lara-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Urban Wastewater

Performance of a membrane-coupled high-rate algal pond for urban wastewater treatment at demonstration scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 122672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Robles ◽  
Gabriel Capson-Tojo ◽  
Amandine Gales ◽  
Alexandre Viruela ◽  
Bruno Sialve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

Microalgae-bacteria consortia in high-rate ponds for treating urban wastewater: Elucidating the key state indicators under dynamic conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 110244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Robles ◽  
Gabriel Capson-Tojo ◽  
Amandine Galès ◽  
María Victoria Ruano ◽  
Bruno Sialve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Dynamic Conditions

scholarly journals Anaerobic membrane bioreactor for high-strength wastewater treatment: batch and continuous operation comparison

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hufnagel ◽  
S. Chang ◽  
Y. Hong ◽  
P. Wu ◽  
R. G. Zytner
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Batch Operation ◽  
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Continuous Feeding

The anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is a recent development in high-rate anaerobic bioreactors. This study assessed the treatment of high-strength wastewater by an AnMBR using batch and continuous feeding operation. The results showed that the AnMBR could establish a biomass concentration of 6–8 g/L in approximately 20 days due to retention of micro-organisms by the membrane, resulting in 86% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency in the treatment of high-strength brewery wastewater. Batch operation was proven to be effective for an organic loading rate (OLR) up to 2 gCOD/L/day and was beneficial to the membrane filtration. However, the treatment capacity of the AnMBR with batch feeding was limited by the high instantaneous OLR during the feeding period. Compared to batch operation, continuous feeding can achieve improved stability and better effluent quality, but prolonged continuous permeation may make the membrane more susceptible to fouling. Although a critical flux of 22 L/m2/h was determined for the membrane filtration in the AnMBR tested, a decrease in the membrane permeability was still observed in the long-term filtration at a flux of approximately 10 L/m2/h.

Long term diurnal variations in contaminant removal in high rate ponds treating urban wastewater

2006 ◽  
Vol 97 (14) ◽  
pp. 1709-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. García ◽  
B.F. Green ◽  
T. Lundquist ◽  
R. Mujeriego ◽  
M. Hernández-Mariné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Urban Wastewater

scholarly journals Long term outdoor operation of a tubular airlift pilot photobioreactor and a high rate algal pond as tertiary treatment of urban wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zouhayr Arbib ◽  
Jesús Ruiz ◽  
Pablo Álvarez-Díaz ◽  
Carmen Garrido-Pérez ◽  
Jesus Barragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Urban Wastewater

Structure of Palladium Single-Crystal Films Prepared by Flash Evaporation onto (001) NaCl Substrates

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
L. E. Murr ◽  
G. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
Optimum Load ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
A Current

Palladium single-crystal films have been prepared by Matthews in ultra-high vacuum by evaporation onto (001) NaCl substrates cleaved in-situ, and maintained at ∼ 350° C. Murr has also produced large-grained and single-crystal Pd films by high-rate evaporation onto (001) NaCl air-cleaved substrates at 350°C. In the present work, very large (∼ 3cm2), continuous single-crystal films of Pd have been prepared by flash evaporation onto air-cleaved (001) NaCl substrates at temperatures at or below 250°C. Evaporation rates estimated to be ≧ 2000 Å/sec, were obtained by effectively short-circuiting 1 mil tungsten evaporation boats in a self-regulating system which maintained an optimum load current of approximately 90 amperes; corresponding to a current density through the boat of ∼ 4 × 104 amperes/cm2.

Rapid Freezing of Freeze-Etch Specimens

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 752-755
Author(s):  
A. Elgsaeter ◽  
T. Espevik ◽  
G. Kopstad
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Freeze Etching

The importance of a high rate of temperature decrease (“rapid freezing”) when freezing specimens for freeze-etching has long been recognized1. The two basic methods for achieving rapid freezing are: 1) dropping the specimen onto a metal surface at low temperature, 2) bringing the specimen instantaneously into thermal contact with a liquid at low temperature and subsequently maintaining a high relative velocity between the liquid and the specimen. Over the last couple of years the first method has received strong renewed interest, particularily as the result of a series of important studies by Heuser and coworkers 2,3. In this paper we will compare these two freezing methods theoretically and experimentally.

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