Hippocampal Glutamate, Verbal Episodic Memory and Intrinsic Neural Activity in the Psychosis Spectrum

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. S345
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bolo ◽  
Victor Zeng ◽  
Brett Clementz ◽  
Carol Tamminga ◽  
Godfrey Pearlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

scholarly journals Episodic Memory Encoding and Retrieval in Face-Name Paired Paradigm: An fNIRS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Boris Cheval ◽  
Benjamin Becker ◽  
Fabian Herold ◽  
Chetwyn C. H. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Brodmann Areas ◽  
Parietal Cortices ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

Background: Episodic memory (EM) is particularly sensitive to pathological conditions and aging. In a neurocognitive context, the paired-associate learning (PAL) paradigm, which requires participants to learn and recall associations between stimuli, has been used to measure EM. The present study aimed to explore whether functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be employed to determine cortical activity underlying encoding and retrieval. Moreover, we examined whether and how different aspects of task (i.e., novelty, difficulty) affects those cortical activities. Methods: Twenty-two male college students (age: M = 20.55, SD = 1.62) underwent a face-name PAL paradigm under 40-channel fNIRS covering fronto-parietal and middle occipital regions. Results: A decreased activity during encoding in a broad network encompassing the bilateral frontal cortex (Brodmann areas 9, 11, 45, and 46) was observed during the encoding, while an increased activity in the left orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann area 11) was observed during the retrieval. Increased HbO concentration in the superior parietal cortices and decreased HbO concentration in the inferior parietal cortices were observed during encoding while dominant activation of left PFC was found during retrieval only. Higher task difficulty was associated with greater neural activity in the bilateral prefrontal cortex and higher task novelty was associated with greater activation in occipital regions. Conclusion: Combining the PAL paradigm with fNIRS provided the means to differentiate neural activity characterising encoding and retrieval. Therefore, the fNIRS may have the potential to complete EM assessments in clinical settings.

Inflammatory Markers May Inform the Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Cognition in Patients with Depression

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jan-Baptist Belge ◽  
Linda Van Diermen ◽  
Bernard Sabbe ◽  
Manuel Morrens ◽  
Violette Coppens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Autobiographic Memory ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the acute cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remain poorly understood. Prior research has shown that proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-10 may interfere with cognitive functioning. Interestingly, immunomodulation is one of the proposed modes of action of ECT. This study investigates whether changes of peripheral levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-10 are related to changes in cognitive functioning following ECT. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In the week before and 1 week after an acute course of ECT, 62 patients suffering from depression underwent a neuropsychological evaluation to assess their processing speed using the Symbol Digit Substitution Test (SDST), verbal episodic memory using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), and their retrospective autobiographic memory using the Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI) with the peripheral inflammatory markers being measured at the same 2 time points. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients improved drastically following ECT, while their main performance on both the HVLT-R and AMI declined and their SDST scores remained stable. The levels of IL-6 and IL1-β had both decreased, where the decrease in IL-6 was related to the decrease in HVLT-R scores. Higher baseline IL-10 levels were associated with a more limited decrease of the HVLT-R scores. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings tentatively suggest that the effects of ECT on verbal episodic memory may be related to the treatment’s immunomodulatory properties, most notably due to decreased IL-6 levels. Moreover, baseline IL-10 appears to be a potential biomarker to predict the effects of ECT on verbal episodic memory. Whilst compelling, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution as, due to its exploratory nature, no correction for multiple comparisons was made. Further, a replication in larger cohorts is warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of Anserine/Carnosine Supplementation on Verbal Episodic Memory in Elderly People

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuhiro Hisatsune ◽  
Jun Kaneko ◽  
Hiroki Kurashige ◽  
Yuan Cao ◽  
Hideo Satsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

Compensatory reallocation of brain resources supporting verbal episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease

Neurology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Becker ◽  
M. A. Mintun ◽  
K. Aleva ◽  
M. B. Wiseman ◽  
T. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

scholarly journals Electrophysiological signatures of memory reactivation in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1799) ◽  
pp. 20190293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schreiner ◽  
Tobias Staudigl
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Neural Processes

The reactivation of neural activity that was present during the encoding of an event is assumed to be essential for human episodic memory retrieval and the consolidation of memories during sleep. Pioneering animal work has already established a crucial role of memory reactivation to prepare and guide behaviour. Research in humans is now delineating the neural processes involved in memory reactivation during both wakefulness and sleep as well as their functional significance. Focusing on the electrophysiological signatures of memory reactivation in humans during both memory retrieval and sleep-related consolidation, this review provides an overview of the state of the art in the field. We outline recent advances, methodological developments and open questions and specifically highlight commonalities and differences in the neuronal signatures of memory reactivation during the states of wakefulness and sleep. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future’.

scholarly journals Intraindividual Variability in Domain-Specific Cognition and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Vaughan ◽  
Iris Leng ◽  
Dale Dagenbach ◽  
Susan M. Resnick ◽  
Stephen R. Rapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

Intraindividual variability among cognitive domains may predict dementia independently of interindividual differences in cognition. A multidomain cognitive battery was administered to 2305 older adult women (mean age 74 years) enrolled in an ancillary study of the Women’s Health Initiative. Women were evaluated annually for probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for an average of 5.3 years using a standardized protocol. Proportional hazards regression showed that lower baseline domain-specific cognitive scores significantly predicted MCI (N=74), probable dementia (N=45), and MCI or probable dementia combined (N=101) and that verbal and figural memory predicted each outcome independently of all other cognitive domains. The baseline intraindividual standard deviation across test scores (IAV Cognitive Domains) significantly predicted probable dementia and this effect was attenuated by interindividual differences in verbal episodic memory. Slope increases in IAV Cognitive Domains across measurement occasions (IAV Time) explained additional risk for MCI and MCI or probable dementia, beyond that accounted for by interindividual differences in multiple cognitive measures, but risk for probable dementia was attenuated by mean decreases in verbal episodic memory slope. These findings demonstrate that within-person variability across cognitive domains both at baseline and longitudinally independently accounts for risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in support of the predictive utility of within-person variability.

Compromised verbal episodic memory with intact visual and procedural memory during pregnancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 680-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle L. Wilson ◽  
Maree Barnes ◽  
Lenore Ellett ◽  
Michael Permezel ◽  
Martin Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory
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