Rational production of highly acidic sulfonated carbons from kraft lignins employing a fractionation process combined with acid-assisted hydrothermal carbonization

2020 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 122882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan S. Nunes ◽  
Tatiane C. Tudino ◽  
Ligia M. Vieira ◽  
Dalmo Mandelli ◽  
Wagner A. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Rational Production

scholarly journals Comparison of hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction of azolla biomass: Analysis of the solid products

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 104844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bence Babinszki ◽  
Emma Jakab ◽  
Zoltán Sebestyén ◽  
Marianne Blazsó ◽  
Bernadett Berényi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Biomass Analysis

scholarly journals Sewage Sludge Treatment by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Feasibility Study for Sustainable Nutrient Recovery and Fuel Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2697
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gerner ◽  
Luca Meyer ◽  
Rahel Wanner ◽  
Thomas Keller ◽  
Rolf Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment

Phosphorus recovery from waste biomass is becoming increasingly important, given that phosphorus is an exhaustible non-renewable resource. For the recovery of plant nutrients and production of climate-neutral fuel from wet waste streams, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been suggested as a promising technology. In this study, digested sewage sludge (DSS) was used as waste material for phosphorus and nitrogen recovery. HTC was conducted at 200 °C for 4 h, followed by phosphorus stripping (PS) or leaching (PL) at room temperature. The results showed that for PS and PL around 84% and 71% of phosphorus, as well as 53% and 54% of nitrogen, respectively, could be recovered in the liquid phase (process water and/or extract). Heavy metals were mainly transferred to the hydrochar and only <1 ppm of Cd and 21–43 ppm of Zn were found to be in the liquid phase of the acid treatments. According to the economic feasibility calculation, the HTC-treatment per dry ton DSS with an industrial-scale plant would cost around 608 USD. Between 349–406 kg of sulfuric acid are required per dry ton DSS to achieve a high yield in phosphorus recovery, which causes additional costs of 96–118 USD. Compared to current sewage sludge treatment costs in Switzerland, which range between 669 USD and 1173 USD, HTC can be an economically feasible process for DSS treatment and nutrient recovery.

scholarly journals Recycled algae-based carbon materials as electroconductive 3D printed skeletal muscle tissue engineering scaffolds

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selva Bilge ◽  
Emre Ergene ◽  
Ebru Talak ◽  
Seyda Gokyer ◽  
Yusuf Osman Donar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Tissue ◽  
Myotube Formation ◽  
3D Printed

AbstractSkeletal muscle is an electrically and mechanically active tissue that contains highly oriented, densely packed myofibrils. The tissue has self-regeneration capacity upon injury, which is limited in the cases of volumetric muscle loss. Several regenerative therapies have been developed in order to enhance this capacity, as well as to structurally and mechanically support the defect site during regeneration. Among them, biomimetic approaches that recapitulate the native microenvironment of the tissue in terms of parallel-aligned structure and biophysical signals were shown to be effective. In this study, we have developed 3D printed aligned and electrically active scaffolds in which the electrical conductivity was provided by carbonaceous material (CM) derived from algae-based biomass. The synthesis of this conductive and functional CM consisted of eco-friendly synthesis procedure such as pre-carbonization and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) catalysis. CM obtained from biomass via hydrothermal carbonization (CM-03) and its ash form (CM-03K) were doped within poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix and 3D printed to form scaffolds with aligned fibers for structural biomimicry. Scaffolds were seeded with C2C12 mouse myoblasts and subjected to electrical stimulation during the in vitro culture. Enhanced myotube formation was observed in electroactive groups compared to their non-conductive counterparts and it was observed that myotube formation and myotube maturity were significantly increased for CM-03 group after electrical stimulation. The results have therefore showed that the CM obtained from macroalgae biomass is a promising novel source for the production of the electrically conductive scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.

Co-hydrothermal carbonization of different feedstocks to hydrochar as potential energy for the future world: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 126734
Author(s):  
M. Bardhan ◽  
T.M. Novera ◽  
M. Tabassum ◽  
Md. Azharul ◽  
Md. Atikul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Composite Carbon Adsorbents with Photocatalytic Regeneration Ability: Application to Diclofenac Removal from Water

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Velma Beri Kimbi Yaah ◽  
Satu Ojala ◽  
Hamza Khallok ◽  
Tiina Laitinen ◽  
Marcin Selent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Activation Temperature

This paper presents results related to the development of a carbon composite intended for water purification. The aim was to develop an adsorbent that could be regenerated using light leading to complete degradation of pollutants and avoiding the secondary pollution caused by regeneration. The composites were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of palm kernel shells, TiO2, and W followed by activation at 400 °C under N2 flow. To evaluate the regeneration using light, photocatalytic experiments were carried out under UV-A, UV-B, and visible lights. The materials were thoroughly characterized, and their performance was evaluated for diclofenac removal. A maximum of 74% removal was observed with the composite containing TiO2, carbon, and W (HCP25W) under UV-B irradiation and non-adjusted pH (~5). Almost similar results were observed for the material that did not contain tungsten. The best results using visible light were achieved with HCP25W providing 24% removal of diclofenac, demonstrating the effect of W in the composite. Both the composites had significant amounts of oxygen-containing functional groups. The specific surface area of HCP25W was about 3 m2g−1, while for HCP25, it was 160 m2g−1. Increasing the specific surface area using a higher activation temperature (600 °C) adversely affected diclofenac removal due to the loss of the surface functional groups. Regeneration of the composite under UV-B light led to a complete recovery of the adsorption capacity. These results show that TiO2- and W-containing carbon composites are interesting materials for water treatment and they could be regenerated using photocatalysis.

scholarly journals Hemicellulosic Bioethanol Production from Fast-Growing Paulownia Biomass

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Elena Domínguez ◽  
Pablo G. del Río ◽  
Aloia Romaní ◽  
Gil Garrote ◽  
Lucília Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Xylose Reductase ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Scheffersomyces Stipitis ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Engineered Strain

In order to exploit a fast-growing Paulownia hardwood as an energy crop, a xylose-enriched hydrolysate was obtained in this work to increase the ethanol concentration using the hemicellulosic fraction, besides the already widely studied cellulosic fraction. For that, Paulownia elongata x fortunei was submitted to autohydrolysis treatment (210 °C or S0 of 4.08) for the xylan solubilization, mainly as xylooligosaccharides. Afterwards, sequential stages of acid hydrolysis, concentration, and detoxification were evaluated to obtain fermentable sugars. Thus, detoxified and non-detoxified hydrolysates (diluted or not) were fermented for ethanol production using a natural xylose-consuming yeast, Scheffersomyces stipitis CECT 1922, and an industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae MEC1133 strain, metabolic engineered strain with the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase pathway. Results from fermentation assays showed that the engineered S. cerevisiae strain produced up to 14.2 g/L of ethanol (corresponding to 0.33 g/g of ethanol yield) using the non-detoxified hydrolysate. Nevertheless, the yeast S. stipitis reached similar values of ethanol, but only in the detoxified hydrolysate. Hence, the fermentation data prove the suitability and robustness of the engineered strain to ferment non-detoxified liquor, and the appropriateness of detoxification of liquor for the use of less robust yeast. In addition, the success of hemicellulose-to-ethanol production obtained in this work shows the Paulownia biomass as a suitable renewable source for ethanol production following a suitable fractionation process within a biorefinery approach.

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