scholarly journals Chlorhexidine gluconate bathing of adult patients in intensive care units in São Paulo, Brazil: Impact on the incidence of healthcare-associated infection

Author(s):  
Mariana Andrade Oliveira Reis ◽  
Maria Claudia Stockler de Almeida ◽  
Daniela Escudero ◽  
Eduardo A. Medeiros
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lanini ◽  
William R. Jarvis ◽  
Emanuele Nicastri ◽  
Gaetano Privitera ◽  
Giovanni Gesu ◽  
...  

Objective.Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. During the period from 2002 through 2004, a group of Italian hospitals was recruited to conduct HAI point-prevalence surveys.Design.Three point-prevalence surveys.Methods.A total of 9,609 patients were surveyed.Results.The overall frequency of HAI was 6.7% (645 infections among the 9,609 surveyed patients). The most frequent HAIs were lower respiratory tract infections, which accounted for 35.8% (231 of 645 HAIs) of all HAIs, followed by urinary tract infections (152 [23.6%] of 645 HAIs), bloodstream infections (90 [14.0%] of 645 HAIs), and surgical site infections (79 [12.2%] of 645 HAIs). In both multivariate and univariate analysis, invasive procedures, duration of stay, chemotherapy, trauma, coma, and the location of the hospital were all factors statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of an HAL Enterobacteriaceae were the most common isolates recovered in medical and surgical wards, whereas gram-negative aerobic bacilli were the most common isolates recovered in intensive care units. Approximately one-half of all of the patients surveyed were receiving antibiotics at the time of our study; the most used antibiotic classes were fluoroquinolones in medical wards, cephalosporins in surgical wards, and penicillins and glycopeptides in intensive care units.Conclusion.Our study emphasizes the need for implementing further HAI surveillance to provide the National Health System with proper tools to prevent and manage infection in hospitalized patients.


2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S373-S391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Júlia Gonçalves de Mello ◽  
Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de Albuquerque ◽  
Heloísa Ramos Lacerda ◽  
Wayner Vieira de Souza ◽  
Jailson B. Correia ◽  
...  

A systematic review of observational studies on risk factors for healthcare-associated infection in pediatric Intensive Care Units (ICU) was carried out. Studies indexed in MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane, BDENF, CAPES databases published in English, French, Spanish or Portuguese between 1987 and 2006 were included and cross references added. Key words for search were "cross infection" and "Pediatric Intensive Care Units" with others sub-terms included. 11 studies were selected from 419 originally found: four studies had healthcare-associated infection as the main outcome without a specific site; three articles identified factors associated with lower respiratory tract infection (pneumonia or tracheitis); three articles were concerned with laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection; and a single retrospective study analyzed urinary tract infection. The production of evidence on risk factors Paediatric ICU has not kept up the same pace of that on adult - there are few studies with adequate design and statistical analysis. The methodological diversity of the studies did not allow for a summarized measurement of risk factors.


Author(s):  
Guilherme H.C. Furtado ◽  
Solange L. Santana ◽  
Ana Paula Coutinho ◽  
Luciana B. Perdiz ◽  
Sérgio B. Wey ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Guilherme Henrique Campos Furtado ◽  
Sinaida Teixeira Martins ◽  
Ana Paula Coutinho ◽  
Sérgio Barsanti Wey ◽  
Eduardo Alexandrino Servolo Medeiros

Author(s):  
Valéria Danúsia Da Costa Silva ◽  
Luciana Soares Costa Santos

Objetivo: Levantar o conhecimento do enfermeiro sobre Injúria renal aguda em unidades de internação e unidades de terapia intensiva adulto. Método: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, de corte transversal, com análise de discurso segundo o referencial teórico de Bardin. realizado em um hospital na região central da cidade de São Paulo, com 33 enfermeiros. Resultados: Os participantes do estudo são predominantemente do sexo feminino (94%). A idade média dos participantes foi de 35,8 anos (DP 12,21anos). Dos 33 enfermeiros, 34% graduaram-se no período de 2016 a 2019 e 24% de 2011 a 2015. Dos participantes que possuem especialização, 29% em UTI. Em relação ao entendimento sobre Injúria Renal Aguda (IRA), pouco mais da metade dos enfermeiros responderam de forma condizente com a definição estabelecida na literatura, 55% descreveram que a importância de detectar precocemente a IRA é para se evitar a doença renal crônica, quando questionados sobre as complicações da IRA, o distúrbio hidroeletrolítico apareceu em 19% das respostas e as alterações cardíacas/circulatórias apareceram em 18% e 46% colocaram que se preocupava em verificar as doses dos antibióticos estava ajustadas em caso de IRA. Conclusão: Existe a necessidade de capacitação dos enfermeiros e equipe de enfermagem para alinhar os conceitos, sinais e sintomas, complicações e intervenções para o manejo da IRA em pacientes críticos ou não, melhorando os desfechos e minimizando a morbimortalidade. Palavras chave: Lesão renal aguda, Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros, Enfermagem, Unidades hospitalares, Unidades de terapia intensiva, Conhecimento ABSTRACTObjective: To raise nurses’ knowledge about acute kidney injury in hospitalization units and adult intensive care units. Methodology: This is an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with analysis of the according to Bardin’s speech, conducted in a hospital in the central region of São Paulo, with 33 nurses. Results: The study participants are predominantly female (94%). The average age of participants was 35.8 years (SD 12.21 years). Of the 33 nurses, 34% graduated from 2016 to 2019 and 24% from 2011 to 2015. Of the participants with specialization, 29% in ICU. Regarding the understanding of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), just over half of nurses responded in a manner consistent with the definition established in the literature, 55% described that the importance of early detection of AKI is to prevent chronic kidney disease when asked about the complications of AKI, hydroelectrolytic disorder appeared in 19% of responses, and cardiac / circulatory changes in 18%, and 46% stated that they were concerned to verify that antibiotic doses were adjusted in case of AKI. Conclusion: There is a need for training of nurses and nursing staff to align the concepts, signs and symptoms, complications and interventions for the management of AKI in critically and non-critically ill patients, improving outcomes and minimizing morbidity and mortality.Keywords: Acute kidney injury, Nurses, Nursing, Hospital units, Intensive care units, Knowledge


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