scholarly journals The impact of gender on the assessment of body checking behavior

Body Image ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Alfano ◽  
Tom Hildebrandt ◽  
Katie Bannon ◽  
Catherine Walker ◽  
Kate E. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Body Checking ◽  
Checking Behavior ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Association of Muscle Dysmorphia, Social Physique Anxiety, and Body Checking Behavior in Male College Students With Weight Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zheng ◽  
LiFeng Zhang ◽  
Ping Shao ◽  
XueYing Guo
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Muscle Dysmorphia ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Social Physique Anxiety ◽  
Body Checking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Checking Behavior ◽  
Male College ◽  
Posture Measurement ◽  
Male College Students

Objectives: To investigate the association between muscle dysmorphia (MD), social physique anxiety, and body-checking behavior in male college students with weight exercise, and to reveal the association between them.Methods: A total of 492 male college students with weight exercise from 18 Fitness Clubs or bodybuilding centers in Chengdu, China, participated in this study.Results: First, the social physique anxiety scores, body checking frequency, and weight exercise behavior (i.e., frequency, time, and intensity) in male college students with MD were significantly higher than those without MD; it indicated that the higher the exercise frequency they had, the longer the exercise time they cost, and the higher exercise intensity carried out, and the higher the social physique anxiety scores tended to be, the higher the frequency of body checking on “global muscles,” “chest and shoulder muscles,” “comparison with others” and “posture measurement” they did. Second, the mediating effect of the social physique anxiety on MD and body checking was established in the “MD → global muscle checking,” “MD → chest and shoulder muscle checking,” “MD → comparison with others,” and “muscle dysmorphia → posture measurement.”Conclusion: Male college students with MD not only have a higher social physique anxiety, but also a higher frequency of body-checking behavior than the ordinary individuals. Social physique anxiety is one of the important mediating factors to those with MD which affects the body-checking behavior.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Postulates of Etiological Models of Eating Disorders: Questioning Body Checking as a Longer-Term Maintaining Factor

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Opladen ◽  
Maj-Britt Vivell ◽  
Silja Vocks ◽  
Andrea S. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Body Checking ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
General Pathology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Body checking (BC) is not only inherent to the maintenance of eating disorders but is also widespread among healthy females. According to etiological models, while BC serves as an affect-regulating behavior in the short term, in the longer term it is assumed to be disorder-maintaining and also produces more negative affect. The present study therefore aimed to empirically examine the proposed longer-term consequences of increased BC. In an online study, N = 167 women tracked their daily amount of BC over a total of 7 days: Following a 1-day baseline assessment of typical BC, participants were asked to check their bodies in an typical manner for 3 days and with a 3-fold increased frequency for 3-days. Before and after each BC episode, the impact of BC on affect, eating disorder symptoms, general pathology and endorsement of different functions of BC was assessed. Participants showed longer-term consequences of increased BC in terms of increased negative affect and general pathology, while eating disorder symptoms remained unaffected. In the case of typical BC, participants showed decreased general pathology and anxiety. Furthermore, the endorsement of a higher number of BC functions led to increased negative affect and an increased amount of typical BC. The findings support the theoretically assumed role of maladaptive BC in maintaining negative emotion in the longer term. However, though requiring replication, our finding of positive effects of typical BC calls into question the overall dysfunctionality of BC among non-clinical women who are not at risk of developing an eating disorder.

The eating attitudes, body image, and depression of Japanese female university students

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mio Yoshie ◽  
Daiki Kato ◽  
Miyuki Sadamatsu ◽  
Kyoko Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
University Students ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Body Checking ◽  
Checking Behavior ◽  
Japanese Female ◽  
Eat 26

We examined the interrelationship of eating attitudes, body-checking behavior cognition, and depression among Japanese female university students. The 197 student participants were divided, according to their Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) scores, into 3 groups: high (EAT-H), medium (EAT-M), and low (EAT-L). Body-checking behavior and depression scores were compared among the 3 groups, using a 1-way analysis of variance. Results showed that the EAT-L group had the lowest scores for objective verification, body control, and depression. Further, the obsessive thoughts body image score increased as scores on the EAT-26 did, indicating that inappropriate eating attitudes have a strong impact on obsessive thoughts. In addition, the EAT-M group had a higher reassurance–confidence score than that of the EAT-L group, and the EAT-H group had the highest scores for objective verification, obsessive thoughts, body control, and depression. Implications of the findings are discussed and directions for future research proposed.

scholarly journals Youth Ice Hockey Concussions Reported at US Emergency Department’s from 2002-2016: A Peak in 2011 and the Impact of Rule Modifications

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0040
Author(s):  
Patrick Morrissey ◽  
Neil V. Shah ◽  
Andrew J. Hayden ◽  
Jack J. Zhou ◽  
Lee R. Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Body Checking ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
National Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Ice hockey has one the highest incidences of concussions among youth sports. To combat this, several national campaigns have attempted to increase awareness since the early 2000’s. USA Hockey, the governing body for youth ice hockey in the US, also addressed the issue by instituting new checking rules in 2011. The new rules outlawed contact to the head at all ages and pushed the minimum age for body checking from 11 years old to 13 years old. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of ice hockey-related concussions during a critical 15-year period from 2002-2016. We hypothesized that awareness campaigns would increase concussion reporting during the 2000’s and a 2011 rule change would decrease reporting. Methods: This is a descriptive epidemiological study utilizing the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). The NEISS was queried for all cases of concussion from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2016 that included the product code 1279. Cases over the age of 18 and females were excluded. We reviewed the narrative text field and categorized each injury by mechanism (e.g. player contact, contact with boards, fall, etc). USA Hockey membership statistics were used to calculate population at risk and incidence. Incidences were reported per 10,000 person-years. Players were grouped by age according to USA Hockey divisions. Results: The national estimate of ice hockey-related concussions increased significantly from 656 in 2007 to 2,042 in 2011 (p<0.01). During the same period, the incidence increased significantly from 21.8 to 66.8 (p<0.05). After 2011, concussion incidence decreased significantly to 40.7 (p<0.05) and overall, the number of concussions decreased from 1,965 in 2012 to 1,292 in 2016 (p=0.055). The 13-14, 15-16, and 17-18 age groups drove both the increase and decrease in concussions over the study period. The gap in concussion incidence between the 11-12 and 13-14 age divisions widened significantly after 2011 (before 2011: 41 vs 49 (p=0.8); after 2011: 45 and 89 (p<0.01)). During the study period, incidence of concussion increased significantly with each successive age division. The incidences of concussion in the 0-8, 9-10, 11-12, 13-14, 15-16 and 17-18 age groups were 6.3, 22, 33.3, 59, 69.4, and 89.2, respectively. The top three mechanisms of concussion were player contact, falls and board contact. The incidence of concussion by player contact increased in each successive age division, especially between the 11-12 and 13-14 age groups (14.4 and 26.6 respectively, p<0.01). Conclusion: Ice hockey went through a monumental shift during the study period. From 2007-2011, concussion reporting increased significantly as players, coaches and parents became more aware and educated. In response, the rules of the game were changed in 2011 to outlaw hitting to the head and push back body checking to older divisions. Immediately after the rule changes in 2011, a significant decrease in concussion incidence occurred. Adding to this effect was the elimination of body checking in the 11-12 age division, which likely mitigated the rise of concussion incidence in that age group. Since we’ve shown that concussion incidence increases with age, it stands to reason that increasing the body checking age further would result in even decreased incidence of concussions. This study lends credence to the theory that rule changes aimed at protecting players can help decrease the incidence of concussions in youth ice hockey.

scholarly journals Reality Check 2: The Cost-Effectiveness of Policy Disallowing Body Checking in Non-Elite 13- to 14-Year-Old Ice Hockey Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6322
Author(s):  
Gillian R. Currie ◽  
Raymond Lee ◽  
Luz Palacios-Derflingher ◽  
Brent Hagel ◽  
Amanda M. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Body Checking ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Sport-related injuries are the leading cause of injury in youth and are costly to the healthcare system. When body checking is disallowed in non-elite levels of Bantam (ages 13–14 years) ice hockey, the injury rate is reduced, but the impact on costs is unknown. This study compared rates of game injuries and costs among non-elite Bantam ice hockey leagues that disallow body checking to those that did not. Methods: An economic evaluation was conducted alongside a prospective cohort study comparing 608 players from leagues where body checking was allowed in games (Calgary/Edmonton 2014–2015, Edmonton 2015–2016) with 396 players from leagues where it was not allowed in games (Vancouver, Kelowna 2014–2015, Calgary in 2015–2016). The effectiveness measure was rate of game injuries per 1000 player-hours. Costs were estimated based on associated healthcare use within the publicly funded healthcare system as well as privately paid healthcare costs. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted using bootstrapping. Results: Disallowing body checking reduced the rate of injuries by 4.32 per 1000 player-hours (95% CI −6.92, −1.56) and reduced public and total healthcare system costs by $1556 (95% CI −$2478, −$559) and $1577 (95% CI −$2629, −$500) per 1000 player-hours, respectively. These finding were robust in over 99% of iterations in sensitivity analyses in the public healthcare and the total healthcare system perspectives. There was no statistically significant difference in privately paid healthcare costs (−$65 per 1000 player-hours (95% CI −$220, $99)). Interpretation: Disallowing body checking in non-elite 13–14-year-old ice hockey nationally would prevent injuries and reduce public healthcare costs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Body Checking on Youth Ice Hockey Injuries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596711774164 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Trofa ◽  
Caroline N. Park ◽  
Manish S. Noticewala ◽  
T. Sean Lynch ◽  
Christopher S. Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Consumer Product Safety Commission ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Body Checking ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Ice Hockey Injuries ◽  
The Impact

Background: Body checking is a common cause of youth ice hockey injuries. Consequently, USA Hockey raised the minimum age at which body checking is permitted from the Pee Wee level (11-12 years old) to the Bantam level (13-14 years old) in 2011. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of body checking on the distribution of injuries reported in youth ice hockey players. We hypothesized that the elimination of body checking at the Pee Wee level would lower the frequency of serious injuries, particularly concussions. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Injury data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), a United States Consumer Product Safety Commission database, were analyzed for Pee Wee and Bantam players between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2010 and again between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015. Data on the location of injury, diagnosis, and mechanism of injury were collected. The location of injury was categorized into 4 groups: head and neck, upper extremity, lower extremity, and core. Diagnoses investigated included concussions, fractures, lacerations, strains or sprains, internal organ injuries, and other. The mechanism of injury was broken down into 2 categories: checking and other. Results: Between the 2008-2010 and 2013-2015 seasons, overall injuries decreased by 16.6% among Pee Wee players, with injuries caused by body checking decreasing by 38.2% ( P = .012). There was a significant change in the distribution of diagnoses in the Pee Wee age group during this time frame ( P = .007): strains or sprains, internal organ injuries, and fractures decreased in frequency, while the number of concussions increased by 50.0%. In the Bantam age group, recorded injuries decreased by 6.8%, and there was no change in the distribution of the location of injury, diagnosis, or mechanism of injury ( P > .05). Conclusion: There was an observed reduction in the total number, mechanism, and type of injuries when body checking was eliminated from the Pee Wee level. There was, however, an unexpected increase in the number of concussions.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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