Revisiting the Postulates of Etiological Models of Eating Disorders: Questioning Body Checking as a Longer-Term Maintaining Factor

Body checking (BC) is not only inherent to the maintenance of eating disorders but is also widespread among healthy females. According to etiological models, while BC serves as an affect-regulating behavior in the short term, in the longer term it is assumed to be disorder-maintaining and also produces more negative affect. The present study therefore aimed to empirically examine the proposed longer-term consequences of increased BC. In an online study, N = 167 women tracked their daily amount of BC over a total of 7 days: Following a 1-day baseline assessment of typical BC, participants were asked to check their bodies in an typical manner for 3 days and with a 3-fold increased frequency for 3-days. Before and after each BC episode, the impact of BC on affect, eating disorder symptoms, general pathology and endorsement of different functions of BC was assessed. Participants showed longer-term consequences of increased BC in terms of increased negative affect and general pathology, while eating disorder symptoms remained unaffected. In the case of typical BC, participants showed decreased general pathology and anxiety. Furthermore, the endorsement of a higher number of BC functions led to increased negative affect and an increased amount of typical BC. The findings support the theoretically assumed role of maladaptive BC in maintaining negative emotion in the longer term. However, though requiring replication, our finding of positive effects of typical BC calls into question the overall dysfunctionality of BC among non-clinical women who are not at risk of developing an eating disorder.

Comorbid patient with arterial hypertension: difficulties in diagnosis and treatment

The problem of comorbidity becomes especially relevant in the conditions of demographic aging of the population. In recent years the number of studies devoted to diagnostic and treatment features of comorbidities, especially in elderly and senile patients, has increased. In spite of this fact, until now there are no clear recommendations for the management of comorbidities in the therapeutic practice.The article is devoted to the presentation and discussion of a clinical case of a comorbid patient with arterial hypertension. The stages of the performed diagnostic search with verification of the clinical diagnosis and the tactics of the prescribed pharmacotherapy are presented. On the basis of the presented data it is shown that exacerbation of one of the chronic diseases of the patient’s general comorbid background may significantly increase the severity of the general pathology and in its turn will determine the prognosis and influence the treatment tactics. The complexity of this case is that the patient has chronic single kidney disease in the stage of chronic renal failure. In analysing this case, it is also important to note the difficulties in the choice of drug therapy, as this situation poses significant limitations in the use of many drugs. This is a challenge that every clinician faces on a daily basis, regardless of clinical experience and medical knowledge. Only a multilevel approach will enable comprehensive medical and social care to be organised for patients with co-morbidities with chronic diseases, provide follow-up not only during exacerbations but also during remissions, contribute to the prevention of exacerbations and complications, which will consequently improve prognosis and quality of life.

Management of children with allergic rhinitis in the practice of a local pediatrician

Due to the increase in the weight of allergic diseases in the general pathology of childhood, the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children and the management of these patients at the outpatient stage have not lost their relevance. The period of preschool and school age is characterized by a high frequency of acute respiratory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, especially acute rhinitis, rhinopharyngitis, rhinosinusitis. This daily poses to the district pediatrician the tasks of differential diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and acute rhinitis with a prolonged course. Allergic rhinitis most often does not require hospitalization and, with timely diagnosis, does not lead to serious consequences. It is known that children who are prone to allergies suffer from acute respiratory viral infections more often and more severely than their peers. An integrated approach to the diagnosis and treatment of such children with the participation of an allergist, an otorhinolaryngologist, under the constant supervision of a district pediatrician, the rational use of drug therapy can reduce the duration of the disease, improve the quality of life of the patient.The article presents generalized principles of management of patients with allergic rhinitis from the point of view of domestic and international recommendations, describes in detail the rules of life for children with allergic rhinitis, emphasizes the role of the district pediatrician in teaching parents to ensure a hypoallergenic environment of the child. The authors present a clinical example of the effective use of a combined decognensant and an antihistamine for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in a child with allergic rhinitis.

Worm infestations among workers (and employees) of the Kulebak Metallurgical Plant due to their general morbidity

Regarding the spread of worm infestations, their role in human pathology, there is a large literature both abroad and here, and yet practitioners take little account of this important factor in general pathology, as well as the economic and economic effect of anti-worm measures among the population and especially among the actively insured. Numerous neurotic, anaemic patients with chronic gastrointestinal tract sufferings flood our outpatient clinics; various, sometimes contradictory diagnoses are made, they are often given disability sheets, and meanwhile, in a significant percentage, these patients could maintain their ability to work with simple anthelminthological measures, and the insurance authorities would save considerable funds on this.

Effect of metformin on the development of Sarcoma Walker-256

There has been a great deal of interest in veterinary medicine in drugs that support the body during chemotherapeutic treatment. The authors conducted a study of the drug’s effect on the development of carcinosarcoma in the mono regimen. The growth pattern of artificially induced Walker-256 sarcoma in 3-month-old Wistar rats in the post-lactation period was studied. The study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and General Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.The study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and General Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. The objects of the study were Wistar rats, female rats of three months of age, weighing 150-200 g in the post-lactation period. Rats of both groups were infected with Walker 256 sarcoma by injection into the thigh muscle at a dose of 106 ml/head. Rats in the experimental group were additionally administered metformin at 30 mg/head daily with water. Histological, cytological and haematological studies were performed on days 14 and 21 from the time of infection of the rats with the tumour. Under the action of metformin, the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes in Walker-256 sarcoma-infected rats increased, the concentration of haemoglobin decreased, and the number of platelets did not change. In the biopsy specimen of control rats compared to the counterparts of the experimental groups, the concentration of monocytes was increased. The number of eosinophils and nuclear polymorphism was decreased under the influence of metformin. In addition, metformin-induced neuropsychiatric abnormalities in rats, such as appetite perversion and cannibalism. The more pronounced inflammatory response in the experimental group indicates that further study of the drug’s effect on the development of various neoplasms is necessary, as this is an essential factor in the choice of the treatment strategy.

Sepsis-3: new edition — old problems. analysis from the perspective of general pathology

Sepsis-3 Guidelines defines sepsis as an organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. To record organ dysfunction, the SOFA/quick SOFA scales were recommended. In fact, in medical practice, sepsis is considered nothing more than a critical infection that requires intensive care. Therefore, sepsis is pathogenetically a nonhomogeneous condition manifested by diverse nosologies and syndromes. Unlike the previous two editions, Sepsis-1 and Sepsis-2 Guidelines, the formal criteria provided in the Sepsis-3 are closer to the de facto position, describe more specific, but less sensitive features to predict mortality. However, the initial, latent manifestations of critical conditions, which can be relatively effectively controlled by intensive therapy, remain outside the Sepsis-3 criteria. Not all signs of multiple organ dysfunctions (according to the Sepsis-3 criteria) will require intensive care. Hence, obviously the presence or absence of formal criteria of Sepsis-3 will not be always taken into account while verifying sepsis. The only relatively pathogenetically homogeneous definition in Sepsis-3 is “septic shock”. However, it also does not fully consider the staging (according to the degree of compensation of hemodynamic disturbances) and the phasing (according to the severity of the proinflammatory response) of the dynamics of the shock condition. From our point of view, a positive result of the Sepsis-3 consensus would be in transition of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) from the main to additional (optional) verifying sepsis criteria. We also believe that the weak side of the Sepsis-3 Guidelines is in underestimated mechanisms of systemic inflammation as a general pathological process in the genesis of developing critical conditions of various origins. From the perspective of general pathology, sepsis is a combination of the three common fundamental pathological processes: classical (canonical) and systemic inflammation (SI), as well as chronic systemic low-grade inflammation (parainflammation), the latter can be considered as an unfavorable background for development of the former two processes. All three processes are characterized by any SIR signs and require to be differentiated on the basis of integral criteria, which reflect specific blocks of the SI complex process. The pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is a relevant example underlying inevitability of such approach. The systemic microvascular vasculitis, and its main clinical manifestations such as systemic microcirculatory disorders in the form of shockogenic conditions is the SI pathogenetic basis. Apparently, one of the modalities for further evolution of critical care medicine will be coupled to development of a more multilayered but effective methods for assessing pathogenesis of critical states and more differentiated methods of pathogenetic therapy. Therefore, it will require to modernize a number of fundamental premises in our knowledge about pathobiology, pathophysiology, and general pathology.

PREVENTIVE APPLICATION OF CONERGIN-ROS FOR RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CALVES

Diseases of the respiratory system, occupying a significant share in the general pathology of internal non-infectious diseases, cause significant economic damage to animal husbandry. This applies to such indicators as a decrease in growth, forced culling, treatment costs, and death. Konergin-ros is an injectable drug created by Rosvetpharm CJSC (Krasnoobsk village, Novosibirsk region) for the prevention and early treatment of respiratory diseases of young cattle. It contains synthetic glycosides, vitamins, growth promoters and body resistance. According to the developer, when administered, the drug does not cause a painful reaction, is non-toxic, and has no side effects. We have experimentally proved that the drug increases the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and has a positive effect on blood parameters and body weight gain of calves.

Examining the correlates and antecedents of subjective binge eating episodes in female undergraduates

Binge eating is a core diagnostic feature of several eating disorders; however, controversy exists regarding the extent to which the size of an eating episode is important in the definition of a binge. The present study examined the relationship between subjective binge eating episodes (SBEs: experiencing loss of control while eating relatively small amounts of food) and eating disorder pathology, general pathology, and eating disorder-specific and general cognitive distortions in female undergraduate students (N=116) via self-report measures. In addition, negative affect and stress were examined as proximal antecedents of SBEs using naturalistic prospective monitoring. Findings indicated SBEs are associated with broad markers of eating disorder pathology and aspects of general pathology, and that eating disorder-specific cognitive distortions mediate the relationship between dietary restraint and SBE frequency. In addition, higher levels of negative affect were found to precede SBEs; however, stress was not identified as a statistically significant proximal antecedent. Findings are interpreted in light of methodological limitations, and clinical implications are discussed.

A view on coronovirus infection based on the Titov’s phylogenetic theory of general pathology

The article is devoted to the creation of the prevention of severe course of COVID-19 molecular model from the standpoint of the Titov’s phylogenetic theory of general pathology. The role of the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems in the severe course of COVID-19 is discussed. Using the example of activation of the renin-angiotensin system in non-communicable diseases, the importance of controlling traditional risk factors for the prevention of severe COVID-19 is shown.