Eldecalcitol, a vitamin D analog, reduces bone turnover and increases trabecular and cortical bone mass, density, and strength in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys

Excessive weight gain in adults is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. Unfortunately, dieting, exercise, and pharmacological interventions have had limited long-term success in weight control and can result in detrimental side effects, including accelerating age-related cancellous bone loss. We investigated the efficacy of using hypothalamic leptin gene therapy as an alternative method for reducing weight in skeletally-mature (9 months old) female rats and determined the impact of leptin-induced weight loss on bone mass, density, and microarchitecture, and serum biomarkers of bone turnover (CTx and osteocalcin). Rats were implanted with cannulae in the 3rd ventricle of the hypothalamus and injected with either recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding the gene for rat leptin (rAAV-Leptin,n=7) or a control vector encoding green fluorescent protein (rAAV-GFP,n=10) and sacrificed 18 weeks later. A baseline control group (n=7) was sacrificed at vector administration. rAAV-Leptin-treated rats lost weight (−4±2%) while rAAV-GFP-treated rats gained weight (14±2%) during the study. At study termination, rAAV-Leptin-treated rats weighed 17% less than rAAV-GFP-treated rats and had lower abdominal white adipose tissue weight (−80%), serum leptin (−77%), and serum IGF1 (−34%). Cancellous bone volume fraction in distal femur metaphysis and epiphysis, and in lumbar vertebra tended to be lower (P<0.1) in rAAV-GFP-treated rats (13.5 months old) compared to baseline control rats (9 months old). Significant differences in cancellous bone or biomarkers of bone turnover were not detected between rAAV-Leptin and rAAV-GFP rats. In summary, rAAV-Leptin-treated rats maintained a lower body weight compared to baseline and rAAV-GFP-treated rats with minimal effects on bone mass, density, microarchitecture, or biochemical markers of bone turnover.

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Long-Term Effects of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Body Composition and Bone Mass Density

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000512450 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Julian Bühler ◽

Silvan Rast ◽

Christoph Beglinger ◽

Ralph Peterli ◽

Thomas Peters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Body Composition ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Mass Density ◽

Bone Mass Density

Background: Currently, the two most common bariatric procedures are laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). Long-term data comparing the two interventions in terms of their effect on body composition and bone mass density (BMD) are scarce. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess body composition and BMD at least 5 years after LSG and LRYGB. Setting: Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, St. Claraspital Basel and St. Clara Research Ltd., Basel, Switzerland. Methods:Bariatric patients at least 5 years after surgery (LSG or LRYGB) were recruited, and body composition and BMD were measured by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data from body composition before surgery were included in the analysis. Blood samples were taken for determination of plasma calcium, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D3, alkaline phosphatase, and C-terminal telopeptide, and the individual risk for osteoporotic fracture assessed by the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool score was calculated. After surgery, all patients received multivitamins, vitamin D3, and zinc. In addition, LRYGB patients were prescribed calcium. Results: A total of 142 patients were included, 72 LSG and 70 LRYGB, before surgery: median body mass index 43.1, median age 45.5 years, 62.7% females. Follow-up after a median of 6.7 years. For LRYGB, the percentage total weight loss at follow-up was 26.3% and for LSG 24.1% (p = 0.243). LRYGB led to a slightly lower fat percentage in body composition. At follow-up, 45% of both groups had a T score at the femoral neck below –1, indicating osteopenia. No clinically relevant difference in BMD was found between the groups. Conclusions:At 6.7 years after surgery, no difference in body composition and BMD between LRYGB and LSG was found. Deficiencies and bone loss remain an issue after both interventions and should be monitored.

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Hypophosphatemic Hypovitaminosis D Induces Osteomalacia in the Adult Female Rat

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endocr/bqaa100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 161 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Darshana Durup ◽

Marta Diaz-delCastillo ◽

Jesper Morgenlykke ◽

Lars Thorbjorn Jensen ◽

Erik Frandsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Adult Female ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Bone Mass Density ◽

Female Rat ◽

Phosphate Content ◽

Dietary Regimen

Abstract Osteomalacia is a bone-demineralizing disease of adulthood, often caused by hypovitaminosis D. Current animal models of the disease mimic osteomalacia as a consequence of gastric bypass or toxic exposure to metals, but a relevant model of diet-induced osteomalacia is lacking. For that purpose, 7-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 2 weight-stratified groups and maintained for 4 months on synthetic diets containing negligible or normal levels of vitamin D. The dietary regimen resulted in vitamin D deficiency as measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels; however, hypovitaminosis D per se did not affect biomarkers of calcium metabolism and bone turnover, nor did it result in increased osteoid. Thus, vitamin D depletion through the diet was found to be insufficient to induce an osteomalacia-like phenotype in the adult rat. After 4 months, the phosphate content of the vitamin D–depleted diet had decreased to 0.16% (calcium:phosphorus ratio of 5.85), resulting in an osteomalacic-like condition (trabecular osteoid surface/bone surface constituted 33%; CI, 26-40). The diet change also affected both metabolic and bone turnover biomarkers, including significantly suppressing serum fibroblast growth factor 23. Furthermore, decreased dietary phosphate in a vitamin D–depleted diet led to microarchitectural changes of trabecular and cortical bone, lower bone mass density, lower bone mass content and decreased bone strength, all indicating reduced bone quality. Taken together, our results show that osteomalacia can be induced in the adult female rat by depleting vitamin D and lowering phosphate content in the diet.

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Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor and their effect on bone mass density in patients with normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-015-0611-0 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 816-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jose Luis Perez Castrillón ◽

Gonzalo Díaz-Soto ◽

Olatz Izaola Jauregui ◽

Enrique Romero ◽

Daniel de Luis Román

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Vitamin D Receptor ◽

Mass Density ◽

Bone Mass Density ◽

Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism

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The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum Levels of 25 (OH) D, Serum Calcium, and Bone Density in Adolescent: A Literature Review

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v5i2.2021.180-192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Nurnashriana Jufri ◽

Nurmaladewi Nurmaladewi ◽

Fifi Nirmala

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Density ◽

Literature Review ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Linear Growth ◽

Mass Density ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Bone Mass Density

Latar Belakang: Stunting dan penurunan densitas tulang merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang umum diderita oleh remaja. Hal ini terjadi akibat kurangnya asupan zat gizi yang adekuat terutama vitamin D yang berfungsi untuk pertumbuhan tulang dan mineralisasi jaringan. Jumlah yang terbatas dari makanan dan faktor pigmentasi kulit menjadi penyebab terjadinya defisiensi vitamin D sehingga dibutuhkan upaya suplementasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut.Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis efek suplementasi vitamin D terhadap pertumbuhan linier remaja.Metode: Penelusuran artikel pada tinjauan pustaka ini dilakukan menggunakan mesin pencarian melalui Medline, PubMed, EBSCO, ELSEVIER, Cambridge Core, dan WILEY. Artikel memuat teks penuh, berbahasa inggris dan tahun terbit mulai dari 2010 hingga 2020. Kata kunci pencarian yang dimasukkan adalah vitamin D supplementation, adolescent or teenagers, linear growth, dan Bone Mass Density (BMD).Hasil: Hasil skrining menemukan 12 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan luaran penelitian yaitu kadar serum 25(OH)D merupakan parameter biokimia yang merupakan luaran yang terdapat pada 10 artikel penelitian. Parameter biokimia serum kalsium sebanyak 6 artikel, densitas tulang sebanyak 8 artikel, dan tinggi badan 2 artikel.Kesimpulan: Suplementasi vitamin D yang diberikan pada remaja yang sehat maupun tidak sehat terbukti meningkatkan kadar serum 25(OH)D.Kata kunci: Suplementasi vitamin D, serum 25(OH)D, densitas massa tulang, pertumbuhan linier remaja. ABSTRACT Background: Stunting and decreased bone density are some of the common nutritional problems that remain by adolescents. This occurs due to lack of adequate nutrition, especially vitamin D which functions for bone growth and tissue mineralization. A limited amount of food and skin pigmentation factors cause vitamin D deficiency so supplementation efforts are needed to meet those needs.Objective: To analyze the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the linear growth of adolescents.Method: Searching for articles in this literature review was done using a search engine through Medline, PubMed, EBSCO, ELSEVIER, Cambridge Core, and WILEY. The article contains the full text, English language, and year of publication from 2010 to 2020. The search keywords entered are vitamin D supplementation, adolescent or teenagers, linear growth, and Bone Mass Density (BMD).Results: The screening results found 12 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were classified based on research outcomes, namely serum 25 (OH) D levels were biochemical parameters which were the results contained in 10 research articles. Biochemical parameters of serum calcium were 6 articles, bone density were 8 articles, and height were 2 articles.Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation given to healthy and unhealthy adolescents has been shown to increase serum 25 (OH) D levels.Keywords: Vitamin D supplementation, serum 25 (OH) D, bone mass density, adolescent linear growth.

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Effect of nine months of vitamin D supplementation on areal and volumetric bone mass density and bone architecture in graves’ disease: a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.70.oc2.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Diana Grove-Laugesen ◽

Eva Ebbehoj ◽

Torquil Watt ◽

Hansen Klavs Würgler ◽

Lars Rejnmark

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Mass Density ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Bone Architecture ◽

Bone Mass Density ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Double Blinded

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Association of vitamin D deficiency and bone mass with liver and heart iron overload in transfusion dependent thalassemia

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20202613 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 1544

Author(s):

Anjali Verma ◽

Alok Khanna ◽

Babita Jangra ◽

Sanjiv Nanda ◽

Surender Verma

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Iron Overload ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Mass Density ◽

Iron Concentration ◽

Bone Mass Density ◽

Liver Iron ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Liver Iron Overload

Background: Transfusion dependent thalassemia patients are reported to have Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in many countries. Vitamin D hydroxylation occurs in the liver; whether liver iron overload interferes with this step has not been addressed till date. This study helps to establish an association between liver iron concentration (LIC) and heart iron concentration (MIC) with vitamin D levels and Bone Mass Density in these patients.Methods: A cross sectional study was done by including transfusion dependent Thalassemia patients (TM) if they had an assessment of Liver and cardiac iron done by T2*MRI and bone mineral density by DEXA. Clinical data regarding age, gender, type of iron chelation therapy and laboratory data of S. ferritin and Vitamin D was collected. Data was assessed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: Among 40 TM patients were taken and mean age was 17.6 years. Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 26(65%). 20 out of them had an LIC>7mg/g DW and 6 had MIC>1.65mg/g DW. There was a significant association between LIC>7mg/g and vitamin D level<20 ng/ml and a significant inverse correlation between LIC and vitamin D, suggesting that liver iron overload may indeed affect vitamin D metabolism. Osteopenia was present in 32.5% and osteoporosis was present in 27.5 % of all TM patients. Reduced Bone Mass Density was also found to be linked with iron over load.Conclusions: Regular monitoring of vitamin D levels and supplementation is required in patients with severe liver and heart iron load. More studies are needed to confirm these results.

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