scholarly journals Phase Behavior of Cholesterol Crystals Formed in Water from Pure Cholesterol and from Cholesterol/Phospholipid Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 79a
Author(s):  
Laxman Mainali ◽  
Marta Pasenkiewicz-Gierula ◽  
Witold Subczynski
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Cholesterol Crystals ◽  
Pure Cholesterol

scholarly journals Why Is Very High Cholesterol Content Beneficial for the Eye Lens but Negative for Other Organs?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Widomska ◽  
Witold K. Subczynski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Human Lens ◽  
Lens Fiber Cell ◽  
Cholesterol Crystals ◽  
Pure Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Solubility

The plasma membranes of the human lens fiber cell are overloaded with cholesterol that not only saturates the phospholipid bilayer of these membranes but also leads to the formation of pure cholesterol bilayer domains. Cholesterol level increases with age, and for older persons, it exceeds the cholesterol solubility threshold, leading to the formation of cholesterol crystals. All these changes occur in the normal lens without too much compromise to lens transparency. If the cholesterol content in the cell membranes of other organs increases to extent where cholesterol crystals forma, a pathological condition begins. In arterial cells, minute cholesterol crystals activate inflammasomes, induce inflammation, and cause atherosclerosis development. In this review, we will indicate possible factors that distinguish between beneficial and negative cholesterol action, limiting cholesterol actions to those performed through cholesterol in cell membranes and by cholesterol crystals.

scholarly journals ATHEROMA AND OTHER LESIONS PRODUCED IN RABBITS BY CHOLESTEROL FEEDING

1916 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Excessive Amount ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
Cholesterol Crystals ◽  
Pure Cholesterol

The feeding of egg yolk or pure cholesterol to rabbits produces an abundant deposit of anisotropic fat in various organs. From this deposit characteristic lesions secondarily result in certain organs. Prominent among these lesions is an atheroma of the aorta very similar in the gross and histologically to the human lesion. Lesions of other vessels are also produced, conspicuous among which are those of the branches of the pulmonary artery. There is a large deposit of anisotropic fat in the liver which produces a cirrhosis. Enlargement of the adrenals occurs, probably due to the storage of an excessive amount of anisotropic fat. In a certain proportion of rabbits conspicuous lesions are produced in the kidneys consisting of nodular deposits of anisotropic fat in the medullary portion, the fat being contained for the most part in endothelial cells and fibroblasts in the interstitial tissue. Later softening occurs in these areas as in the aorta; the cells break down; there is an abundant deposit of cholesterol crystals, some calcification, and a proliferation of connective tissue. Scars frequently extend outward from these lesions through the cortex, but the nodular deposits of anisotropic fat are never seen in the cortex. It is impossible to determine definitely from these experiments whether or not these deposits are dependent on preexisting interstitial lesions.

Phase behavior of cationic and anionic surfactants at low concentrations

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
E. Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cationic And Anionic Surfactants ◽  
General Method

Equilibrium vesicles, those which are the stable form of aggregation and form spontaneously on mixing surfactant with water, have never been demonstrated in single component bilayers and only rarely in lipid or surfactant mixtures. Designing a simple and general method for producing spontaneous and stable vesicles depends on a better understanding of the thermodynamics of aggregation, the interplay of intermolecular forces in surfactants, and an efficient way of doing structural characterization in dynamic systems.

Solution Properties and Phase Behavior of Ammonium Hexylene Octyl Succinate in Water and Water-Oil System

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Hamidul Kabir ◽  
Ravshan Makhkamov ◽  
Shaila Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Lamellar Liquid Crystal ◽  
Drug Ingredient

The solution properties and phase behavior of ammonium hexylene octyl succinate (HOS) was investigated in water and water-oil system. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of HOS is lower than that of anionic surfactants having same carbon number in the lipophilic part. The phase diagrams of a water/ HOS system and water/ HOS/ C10EO8/ dodecane system were also constructed. Above critical micelle concentration, the surfactant forms a normal micellar solution (Wm) at a low surfactant concentration whereas a lamellar liquid crystalline phase (La) dominates over a wide region through the formation of a two-phase region (La+W) in the binary system. The lamellar phase is arranged in the form of a biocompatible vesicle which is very significant for the drug delivery system. The surfactant tends to be hydrophilic when it is mixed with C10EO8 and a middle-phase microemulsion (D) is appeared in the water-surfactant-dodecane system where both the water and oil soluble drug ingredient can be incorporated in the form of a dispersion. Hence, mixing can tune the hydrophile-lipophile properties of the surfactant. Key words: Ammonium hexylene octyl succinate, mixed surfactant, lamellar liquid crystal, middle-phase microemulsion. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

PHASE BEHAVIOR OF WATER FROM NATURAL GAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2889-2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Eparu ◽  
Sorin Neacsu ◽  
Alina Prundurel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Phase Behavior

Structural Characterization of Gallbladder Stones Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Almarshad ◽  
Sayed M. Badawy ◽  
Abdalkarem F. Alsharari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gallbladder Stones ◽  
Pure Cholesterol ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim and Objective: Formation of the gallbladder stones is a common disease and a major health problem. The present study aimed to identify the structures of the most common types of gallbladder stones using X-ray spectroscopic techniques, which provide information about the process of stone formation. Material and Method: Phase and elemental compositions of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones removed from gallbladders of patients were studied using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction. Results: The crystal structures of gallstones which coincide with standard patterns were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Plate-like cholesterol crystals with laminar shaped and thin layered structures were clearly observed for gallstone of pure cholesterol by scanning electron microscopy; it also revealed different morphologies from mixed cholesterol stones. Elemental analysis of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the different formation processes of the different types of gallstones. Conclusion: The method of fast and reliable X-ray spectroscopic techniques has numerous advantages over the traditional chemical analysis and other analytical techniques. The results also revealed that the X-ray spectroscopy technique is a promising technique that can aid in understanding the pathogenesis of gallstone disease.

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