Restricted Mobility and Jamming of Densely Packed DNA Pulled Out from Phage Phi29 Virus Capsids

Many important supramolecular structures such as filaments, microtubules, virus capsids and certain membrane proteins and bacterial cell walls exist as ordered polymers or two-dimensional crystalline arrays in vivo. In several instances it has been possible to induce soluble proteins to form ordered polymers or two-dimensional crystalline arrays in vitro. In both cases a combination of electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens with analog or digital image processing techniques has proven extremely useful for elucidating the molecular and supramolecular organization of the constituent proteins. However from the reconstructed stain exclusion patterns it is often difficult to identify distinct stain excluding regions with specific protein subunits. To this end it has been demonstrated that in some cases this ambiguity can be resolved by a combination of stoichiometric labeling of the ordered structures with subunit-specific antibody fragments (e.g. Fab) and image processing of the electron micrographs recorded from labeled and unlabeled structures.

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Severe bone disease caused by primary hyperparathyroidism: a case report and review of the literature

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520966484 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 030006052096648

Author(s):

Yu Wang ◽

Jie Liu

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽

Bone Disease ◽

Distal Humerus ◽

Left Lobe ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Hypoechoic Mass ◽

Brown Tumors ◽

Restricted Mobility ◽

The Right

Bone disease is an important complication of hyperparathyroidism. We herein report a rare case of severe bone disease caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. A 33-year-old man presented with pain and restricted mobility in his right upper limb and right hip due to a fall 3 days previously. X-ray examination showed a fracture of the proximal and distal humerus. Computed tomography examination showed a supracondylar fracture of the right humerus, a fracture of the right femoral neck, a fracture of the right sciatic branch, and multiple brown tumors. Ultrasonography showed a 3.5- × 1.6-cm hypoechoic mass below the left lobe of the thyroid. The patient was diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism based on increased serum calcium and parathormone concentrations, pathological fractures, and multiple brown tumors. He therefore underwent bilateral lower parathyroidectomy. Pathological examination revealed a parathyroid adenoma. The patient recovered well after surgery and was followed up for 6 months with no symptoms of hyperparathyroidism. This case report suggests that clinicians should be aware of the possibility of severe bone disease secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism. Active and early diagnosis and surgical treatment are important in such cases.

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Intimate partner violence against women on the Colombia Ecuador border: a mixed-methods analysis of the liminal migrant experience

Conflict and Health ◽

10.1186/s13031-021-00351-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Colleen Keating ◽

Sarah Treves-Kagan ◽

Ana Maria Buller

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

International Development ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Psychological Consequences ◽

Colombian Women ◽

Restricted Mobility

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) has serious long-term health and psychological consequences and is highly prevalent in Latin America and among displaced populations. Liminality - the ambiguous in-between state of individuals completing a migratory journey - represents a state of legal, economic, and physical insecurity. Through the framework of liminality, this analysis seeks to understand the unique challenges faced by displaced Colombian women in Ecuador including their experience of IPV. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of 15 in-depth interviews and 319 longitudinal surveys, conducted on the border of Ecuador and Colombia, following a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. We analysed interviews thematically and mapped the main themes onto complementary quantitative variables. We conducted logistic regression with identified risk and protective factors (measured at time 1) and recent IPV (measured at time 2), controlling for demographic characteristics and IPV at time 1. Results Our mixed-methods analysis revealed four main mechanisms by which displacement influenced the social and economic realities of Colombian women years after crossing the border, compounding their risk of IPV and limiting their ability to escape it. Lack of legal residence and documentation, violence experienced along life course and migratory continuums which increased their risk for later revictimisation, social isolation including loss of support networks and restricted mobility and lastly, financial stress. Conclusions This research highlights the critical importance of supporting the economic and social integration of migrants and refugees in host communities, as well as the need to carefully consider migration-related vulnerabilities in IPV prevention and response interventions. As the regional refugee crisis grows, policy makers must consider how the long-term marginalisation of refugee women contributes to their victimisation. This research also supports the idea of incorporating gender synchronised, transformative IPV prevention and response programmes into migration-related and poverty alleviation international development efforts.

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Large cervical fibroid: a rare case report

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 3414

Author(s):

Sunanda N.

Keyword(s):

Uterine Fibroids ◽

Total Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽

Large Mass ◽

Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Pelvic Tumors ◽

Rare Case Report ◽

Tender Mass ◽

Restricted Mobility ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Although leiomyomas are the most common pelvic tumors presenting in the reproductive age group, cervical fibroids are rare accounting for 2% of all uterine fibroids. We report a case of 40 year old lady presenting with a firm, non-tender mass of 22-24 weeks size pregnant uterus with restricted mobility. Laparotomy showed a large mass arising from the anterior lip of cervix, with a small uterus pushed posteriorly. Enucleation followed by total abdominal hysterectomy was done. Large cervical fibroids are rare, presenting with surgical difficulties. Careful dissection by expert hands is needed in the management of such cases.

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Effectiveness of Robotic Exoskeleton-Assisted Gait Training in Spinocerebellar Ataxia: A Case Report

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21144874 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 4874

Author(s):

San-Ha Kim ◽

Jae-Young Han ◽

Min-Keun Song ◽

In-Sung Choi ◽

Hyeng-Kyu Park

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Spinocerebellar Ataxia ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Gait Training ◽

General Function ◽

Cardiopulmonary Function ◽

Robotic Exoskeleton ◽

Therapeutic Outcomes ◽

Gait Function ◽

Restricted Mobility

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that presents as ataxia. Due to the decline in balance, patients with SCA often experience restricted mobility and a decreased quality of life. Thus, many studies have emphasized the importance of physiotherapies, including gait training, in SCA patients. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of robotic gait training in SCA. Here, we report the therapeutic outcomes of exoskeleton-assisted gait training in a patient with SCA. A 23-year-old woman with SCA participated in a gait training program using a powered lower-limb robotic exoskeleton, ANGELLEGS. The 8-week training program consisted of standing training, weight-shifting exercises, and gait training. Several measures of general function, balance, gait, and cardiopulmonary function were applied before, after, and 4 weeks after the program. After the program, overall improvements were found on scales measuring balance and gait function, and these improvements remained at 4 weeks after the program. Cardiopulmonary function was also improved 4 weeks after the program. Robotic exoskeleton gait training can be a beneficial option for training balance, gait, and cardiopulmonary function in SCA.

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Evaluation of electroacupuncture for symptom modification in a rodent model of spontaneous osteoarthritis

Acupuncture in Medicine ◽

10.1177/09645284211020755 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096452842110207

Author(s):

Alexa P Spittler ◽

Maryam F Afzali ◽

Richard B Martinez ◽

Lauren A Culver ◽

Sarah E Leavell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rodent Model ◽

Knee Joints ◽

Control Group ◽

Disease Modification ◽

Inflammatory Biomarker ◽

Knee Oa ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Gene Transcripts ◽

Restricted Mobility ◽

Movement Parameters

Objective: Faced with the frustration of chronic discomfort and restricted mobility due to osteoarthritis (OA), many individuals have turned to acupuncture for relief. However, the efficacy of acupuncture for OA is uncertain, as much of the evidence is inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate electroacupuncture (EA) in a rodent model of OA such that conclusions regarding its effectiveness for symptom or disease modification could be drawn. Methods: Ten 12-month-old male Hartley guinea pigs—which characteristically have moderate to advanced OA at this age—were randomly assigned to receive EA for knee OA (n = 5) or anesthesia only (control group, n = 5). Treatments were performed three times weekly for 3 weeks, followed by euthanasia 2 weeks later. Gait analysis and enclosure monitoring were performed weekly to evaluate changes in movement. Serum was collected for inflammatory biomarker testing. Knee joints were collected for histology and gene expression. Results: Animals receiving EA had significantly greater changes in movement parameters compared to those receiving anesthesia only. There was a tendency toward decreased serum protein concentrations of complement component 3 (C3) in the EA group compared to the control group. Structural and antioxidant gene transcripts in articular cartilage were increased by EA. There was no significant difference in total joint histology scores between groups. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that EA has a positive effect on symptom, but not disease, modification in a rodent model of OA. Further investigations into mechanistic pathways that may explain the efficacy of EA in this animal model are needed.

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Nuclear import of hepatitis B virus capsids and release of the viral genome

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1730940100 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 100 (17) ◽

pp. 9849-9854 ◽

Cited By ~ 172

Author(s):

B. Rabe ◽

A. Vlachou ◽

N. Pante ◽

A. Helenius ◽

M. Kann

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Nuclear Import ◽

Viral Genome ◽

Virus Capsids ◽

B Virus

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Effect of COVID-19 on vaccination coverage in Brazil

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.001466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Marcelle Moura Silveira ◽

Neida Lucia Conrad ◽

Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Physical Distance ◽

Disease Notification ◽

Notification System ◽

Vaccination Programs ◽

Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽

Antigen Vaccine ◽

Restricted Mobility ◽

Consistent Information ◽

The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic, recommendations for maintaining physical distance, restricted mobility measures, as well as fear of mass transmission by going to health centers have significantly contributed to the general vaccination coverage, which by and large is decreasing worldwide; thus, favoring the potential re-emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases. In this study, we have used the existing data on vaccination coverage during the pre-pandemic (2019) as well as the pandemic (2020) period to evaluate the impact of coronavirus outbreaks during the vaccination drive in Brazil. Furthermore, we have accumulated data since 2015 among the different regions of the country to acquire more consistent information. The various vaccines analyzed in our study were meningococcal C conjugate, Triple antigen vaccine, 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate, and BCG; subsequently, the data were obtained from the National Disease Notification System. This study revealed that the ongoing immunization drive saw a steep decline of around 10 to 20% during the (2019–2020) pandemic period in Brazil. These results provide strong evidence towards the decreasing trends following the vaccination programs during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Brazil. Furthermore, our results also highlight the importance of adopting widespread multi-component interventions to improve vaccination uptake rates.

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