Testing the impaired disengagement hypothesis: The role of attentional control and positive metacognitive beliefs in depression

This research investigated the hypothesis that metacognitive inferences in source memory judgements are based on the recognition or nonrecognition of an event together with perceived or expected differences in the recognizability of events from different sources. The hypothesis was tested with a multinomial source-monitoring model that allowed separation of source-guessing tendencies for recognized and unrecognized items. Experiments 1A and 1B manipulated the number of item presentations as relevant source information and revealed differential guessing tendencies for recognized and unrecognized items, with a bias to attribute unrecognized items to the source associated with poor item recognition. Experiments 2A and 2B replicated the findings with a manipulation of presentation time and extended the analysis to subjective differences in item recognition. Experiments 3A and 3B used more natural source information by varying type of acoustic signal and demonstrated that subjective theories about differences in item recognition are sufficient to elicit differential source-guessing biases for recognized and unrecognized items. Together the findings provide new insights into the cognitive processes underlying source memory decisions, which involve episodic memory and reconstructive tendencies based on metacognitive beliefs and general world knowledge.

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Inhibition, facilitation, and attentional control in dementia of the alzheimer's type: The role of unifying principles in cognitive theory development.

Inhibition in cognition. ◽

10.1037/11587-011 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 213-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mark E. Faust ◽

David A. Balota

Keyword(s):

Attentional Control ◽

Cognitive Theory ◽

Theory Development ◽

Unifying Principles

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Investigating the Predictors of Intrusive Visual Imagery in Elite Athletes

Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity ◽

10.1515/jirspa-2018-0011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

James Bierton ◽

Adam Gorman ◽

Michael Lloyd ◽

Alexandra Gorman ◽

John K Parker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attentional Control ◽

Visual Imagery ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Conscious Experience ◽

Training Session ◽

The Self ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Negative Beliefs ◽

Negative Belief ◽

Metacognitive Beliefs

Abstract The aims of this research were to determine if metacognitive beliefs predicted Intrusive Visual Imagery (IVI) in elite athletes, and if this was consistent across performance contexts. To address these aims, 110 elite cricket and AFL players completed the 30-item metacognitions questionnaire and intrusive visual imagery questionnaire before a training session and competitive match. Regression analyses indicated that the Negative Beliefs about the Uncontrollability of Thoughts and Their Danger metacognition and Need to Control Thoughts metacognition predicted IVI in both contexts. Findings were interpreted within the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model. It was suggested that extra attentional control is exerted to prevent the conscious experience of a negative belief, which prompts an image related to the belief being experienced, which is perceived as intrusive. Results also suggested that athletes are less likely to experience IVI before competing, possibly due to greater monitoring of thoughts. Implications for these findings are discussed.

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