The effects of aerobic exercise on motor cortex plasticity in chronic stroke survivors with and without post-stroke depression: a preliminary report

It has been observed that most of the patients are not aware of the dilapidating affects of post stroke depression on their recovery, survival and a return to normal activities of life. The lack of emphasis on psychological rehabilitation for stroke patients is a source of concern for me and I would like to bring to your attention about the facts regarding the implications of proper psychological rehabilitation is not undertaken. Stroke survivors report a range of emotional difficulties, most common being fear, anxiety, frustration, anger, sadness and a sense of grief for their physical and mental losses. Usually these feelings may fade over time however, some patients may struggle with adjusting to the many changes following stroke. When this happens these feelings can develop into depression. It is estimated that approximately one-third of stroke1 survivors develop post-stroke depression (PSD)

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Association among depression, cognitive impairment and executive dysfunction after stroke

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/s1980-57642012dn06030007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 152-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Luisa Terroni ◽

Matildes F.M. Sobreiro ◽

Adriana B. Conforto ◽

Carla C. Adda ◽

Valeri D. Guajardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Neuropsychological Tests ◽

Executive Dysfunction ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Quantitative Studies ◽

Post Stroke Depression ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT The relationship between depression and cognitive impairment, frequent after stroke, is complex and has not been sufficiently elucidated. Objective: To review the relationship between post-stroke depression and cognitive impairment. Methods: We performed a PubMed database search spanning the last ten years, using the terms post-stroke depression, cognitive dysfunction, cognitive impairment and neuropsychological tests. Our target studies were original quantitative studies that investigated the relationship between post-stroke depression (PSD) and cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Articles published in English, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese were considered. Selection criteria were the use of neuropsychological tests to assess cognitive function, and of either instruments to diagnose major depression, or scales to assess depressive symptoms, within the first three months after stroke. Results: Six original quantitative studies fulfilled the criteria. The prevalence of PSD within the first three months after stroke ranged from 22% to 31%. Incidence ranged from 25% to 27% and was evaluated in only two studies. PSD was associated with increased cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment was reported in 35.2% to 87% of the patients. Post-stroke cognitive deficits were reported mostly in executive function, memory, language, and speed of processing. Conclusion: Executive dysfunction and depression occur in stroke survivors, are frequently coexistent, and also associated with worse stroke prognosis. Healthcare professionals need to address and provide adequate treatment for depression and executive dysfunctions in stroke patients early in the first three months after stroke. Future studies should evaluate the efficacy of programs evaluating the early detection and treatment of PSD and executive dysfunction in stroke survivors.

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Abstract WP203: Frequency of Post-stroke Depression Among Hypertensive Black and Hispanic Stroke Survivors

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.50.suppl_1.wp203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Adebayo O Ogunlade ◽

Leydi Payano ◽

Jennifer Joseph ◽

Stephen K Williams ◽

Tanya Spruill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stroke Survivors ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Post Stroke Depression

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Combining therapeutic approaches: rTMS and aerobic exercise in post-stroke depression: a case series

Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation ◽

10.1080/10749357.2017.1374685 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 61-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Catherine J. VanDerwerker ◽

Ryan E. Ross ◽

Katy H. Stimpson ◽

Aaron E. Embry ◽

Stacey E. Aaron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Case Series ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Post Stroke Depression

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The Effect of “SELF-HELP Packages” on Post Stroke Depression among Ischemic Stroke Survivors

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing ◽

10.14710/nmjn.v10i3.31014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 361-375

Author(s):

Fitria Handayani ◽

Setyowati Setyowati ◽

Dwi Pudjonarko ◽

Dian Ratna Sawitri

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Nursing Intervention ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Self Help ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Post Stroke Depression

Background: There are several factors that contribute to Post Stroke Depression (PSD). Since a single intervention is proven ineffective to deal with PSD, an intervention which includes biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects (“SELF-HELP Packages”), therefore, needs to be established.Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of “SELF HELP Packages” intervention on PSD among ischemic stroke survivors after three months from onset and its effect after confounding variables were controlled.Methods: This study was a pre and post quasi-experiment with a control group involving 34 ischemic stroke survivors each group. The inclusion criteria were survivors after three months from ischemic stroke, no aphasia, having a good hearing, and having Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score of ≥ 22. GRID-HAMD 17, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Barthel-Index were used to measure PSD, social support, and functional status respectively. “SELF-HELP Packages” intervention was delivered in three sessions, namely information delivery, discussion and activity. Statistical analyses were conducted using McNemar test, Chi-square and logistic regression.Results: The result showed that “SELF-HELP Packages” considerably decreased PSD in the intervention group (p=0.004). There were also significant differences in PSD after the intervention between two groups (p=0.008). Logistic regression showed that ‘SELF-HELP Package” had no effect on PSD when other confounding variables were controlled (p=0.075, OR=0.288, 95% CI 0.073 – 1.135).Conclusion: SELF-HELP Packages” should be applied in providing the nursing intervention among stroke ischemic survivors in clinical setting. A longer period of time for the intervention is also recommended for the next study in order to obtain a more robust result.

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The Comparison Of Relationship Of Depression,Cognitive,Motor And Functional Deficities In Chronic Stroke Patients (A Pilot Study)

Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine ◽

10.7575/aiac.abcmed.ca1.28 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Amin Ghaffari ◽

Malahat Akbarfahimi ◽

Bijan Forough

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Daily Living ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chronic Stroke ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Post Stroke Depression

Aim and background: One of the most important psychological disorders that arise after a stroke for people with subsequent depression, which leads to reduced quality of life, optimal rehabilitation failure, loss of cognitive tasks and decrease the recovery process.In this study communication patterns of depression with cognitive, motor and function deficites in people with chronic stroke has been studied.Methods and materials: it is a pilot study of cross-sectional study, 40 patients with chronic stroke (more than 6 months) selected sampling method. depression (Beck Depression Inventory), cognition (attention test TMT-A & B and Wechsler memory), motor (Motorcity index), basic activities of daily living (Barthel scale) and instrumental activities of daily living (Lawton scale) were evaluated.Results: The results of the study revealed a significant positive correlation between post stroke depression with verbal memory(r=./386 ،P<./05), attention(r=./549 ،P<./05), motor status(r=./550 ،P<./05) and independence in activities of daily living(r=./653 ،P<./05)Conclusion: According to the findings, the study of factors affecting post stroke depression(PSD) clinical and practical aspects are necessary. Cognitive rehabilitation programs with motor rehabilitation can reduce depression in patients with stroke in the direction of independence in activities of daily living and greater participation in society .

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A Comparison of the Relation of Depression, and Cognitive, Motor and Functional Deficits in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study

Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine ◽

10.7575/aiac.abcmed.17.05.04.01 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Amin Ghaffari ◽

Malahat Akbarfahimi ◽

Bijan Forough

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Daily Living ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Chronic Stroke ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

Post Stroke Depression

Aim and background: One of the most important psychological disorders after stroke is depression, which leads to reduced quality of life, optimal rehabilitation failure, loss of cognitive tasks and decrease in the recovery process. In this research, relation between patterns of depression and cognitive, motor and function deficits in people with chronic stroke was studied. Methods and materials: In a pilot cross-sectional study, 40 patients with chronic stroke (more than 6 months) were enrolled. Depression (Beck Depression Inventory), cognition (attention test TMT-A & B and Wechsler memory), motor (Motorcity index), basic activities of daily living (Barthel scale) and instrumental activities of daily living (Lawton scale) were evaluated. Results: The results of the study revealed a significant positive correlation between post stroke depression and verbal memory (r=0.440،P<.05), attention (r=0.615،P<.05), motor function(r-0.368،P<.05), independence in basic activities of daily living (r=0.781،P<.05) and instrumental activities of daily living (r=0.741, P<.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, further studies of factors affecting post stroke depression (PSD) clinical and practical aspects are necessary. Cognitive rehabilitation programs with motor rehabilitation can decrease depression and gain independence in activities of daily living and more participation in society activities.

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Abstract TP373: Advancing Stroke Recovery Through Social and Emotional Support

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tp373 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mary Amatangelo ◽

Janet Prvu Bettger ◽

Karen J Collins ◽

Barry Jackson ◽

Elaine Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Well Being ◽

Stroke Survivor ◽

Support Needs ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Caregiver Depression ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Post Stroke Depression ◽

Health And Well Being

Background: Post-stroke disability often disrupts family roles and responsibilities. Role reversal, in combination with the disabilities, is emotionally taxing and physically fatiguing for both the stroke survivor and the family caregiver. Depression can result and when left undermanaged can lead to poor health outcomes. Research has shown social support is an important factor in recovery, post-stroke and caregiver depression. Studies have indicated high levels of social support are associated with faster functional recovery and more extensive recovery in stroke survivors. Also, that social support is independently associated with the presence and severity of post stroke depression and that positive social interaction is a significant contributor to variance in initial post stroke depression. Purpose: The purpose of this critical review was to examine the research literature on the relationships of social support and coping strategies with health-related outcomes among stroke survivors and their family caregivers. Methods: Twenty-five articles published between 2000 and 2016, identified by key terms related to stroke survivor and caregiver emotional and adjustment support needs, social support, depression and effective interventions, were reviewed. Results: We found overwhelming evidence that attention to stroke survivor and caregiver social network can advance recovery and improve the health and well being of both stroke survivors and caregivers. Knowledge gaps and focus on emotional and adjustment support needs are not being adequately met by community-based health services. This points to an important need for changes in practice to acclimate stroke survivors and their family caregivers to their new life roles, but also the need for more rigorous studies. Conclusions: In addition to more research, there is a critical need for changes in facilitating transitions of care to meet the emotional and adjustment needs in the stroke population. Encouraging health professionals to screen for social network presence and size and promoting support-seeking behavior may help advance recovery and improve the health and well being of stroke survivors and family caregivers.

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