Process characteristics of hydrothermal treatment of antibiotic residue for solid biofuel

2014 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyi Zhang ◽  
Dachao Ma ◽  
Cuina Peng ◽  
Xiaoxing Liu ◽  
Guangwen Xu
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Haidar Ali ◽  
Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah

Corn is one of staple food and influential commodity driving Indonesia’s economy. Indonesia currently produces as high as 19 million tons of corn which contains 50% of biomass in the form of cob. Waste from harvesting and consumption of corn, namely, corn cob (CC) is left as waste. This CC is actually a sustainable, easily accessible, and renewable biomass energy source as an alternative to Indonesia’s depleting fossil fuel reserves. Hydrothermal treatment is a conversion method that has some consequential advantages compared to other methods; e.g. the ability to treat high-moisture biomass like CC and the possibility to use lower temperature. This research aims to produce and characterize liquid and solid fuel subsequent to hydrothermal treatment of CC obtained from Sleman, Yogyakarta. After size reduction, fine particles were mixed with water to form slurry. Slurry was heated in an autoclave for hydrothermal treatment at initial pressure of 2.0 MPa and was held for 200°C, 240°C, and 270°C in 30 minutes. The solid and liquid products were then separated. Liquid was analyzed using GC-MS and solid by using AAS. The result showed that, in comparison to raw material, solid product had higher carbon content which resulted in the increase of calorific value of the solid biofuel. The calorific value of solid product ranged from 19,59 -22,02 MJ/kg or 20,93-35,87% higher than raw materials and 4-17% higher than average coal used in Indonesia. Major component in liquid product are N, N-dimethyl formamide, furfural, and phenolic compound, with benzoic acid present as minor component. The potential of liquid products as organic preservatives are examined by testing the tenacity of wood against termite according to ASTM D3345-74 standard method. Result showed that liquid product were effective in exhibiting termiticidal activity and temperature 200°C showed the optimum condition. Keywords: corn cob, hydrothermal treatment, organic preservatives, solid biofuel Jagung merupakan salah satu makanan pokok dan komoditas yang berpengaruh terhadap ekonomi Indonesia. Produksi jagung Indonesia saat ini mencapai 19 juta ton dan sebanyak 50% berupa tongkol. Limbah dari pemanenan dan konsumsi jagung adalah tongkol jagung (CC) yang cepat busuk dan banyak kelemahannya yang harus ditangani. Sebetulnya, CC merupakan solusi yang berkelanjutan, mudah diperoleh, serta sumber energi terbarukan berupa biomassa yang dapat menjadi alternatif solusi untuk berkurangnya cadangan bahan bakar fosil di Indonesia. Hydrothermal treatment adalah metode konversi yang memiliki beberapa keunggulan jika dibandingkan dengan metode lain seperti kemampuan untuk menangani kandungan air yang tinggi pada CC dan kemungkinan penggunaan temperatur yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi cairan dan padatan yang dihasilkan dari proses hydrothermal terhadap tongkol jagung yang diperoleh dari Sleman, Yogyakarta. Setelah proses reduksi ukuran, partikel halus tersebut dicampur dengan air sehingga terbentuk slurry. Slurry dipanaskan dalam autoclave untuk dijalankan proses hydrothermal dengan tekanan awal sebesar 2.0 MPa dan dijalankan pada suhu 200°C, 240°C, dan 270°C dengan holding time selama 30 menit. Padatan dan cairan yang dihasilkan dipisahkan. Cairan dianalisis dengan GC-MS sedangkan padatan dengan AAS. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dengan perbandingan bahan baku, padatan memiliki kandungan karbon yang lebih tinggi sehingga terjadi kenaikan nilai kalor. Nilai kalor padatan berkisar antara 19,59-22,02 MJ/kg atau 20,93-35,87% lebih tinggi dari bahan baku dan 4-17% dari batubara yang ada saat ini. Cairan yang dihasilkan didominasi oleh N,N-dimethyl formamide, furfural, phenolic compound serta sedikit asam berupa benzoic acid. Pengujian produk cairan sebagai pengawet organik dilakukan dengan pengujian ketahanan kayu terhadap rayap sesuai dengan standar ASTM D3345-74. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa cairan yang dihasilkan cukup efektif sebagai pembunuh rayap dan variasi temperatur 200°C memberikan kondisi yang optimum. Kata kunci: tongkol jagung, proses hidrotermal, pengawet organik, bahan bakar padat


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 100453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rammuni Dilini Vasundara Kumari Silva ◽  
Zhongfang Lei ◽  
Kazuya Shimizu ◽  
Zhenya Zhang

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baskoro Lokahita ◽  
Anissa Nurdiawati ◽  
Alexander Mosqueda ◽  
Kunio Yoshikawa

Agricultural and agroindustrial wastes are increasingly being used for the generation of fuel products. Banana residues has a potential to be used as biomass energy sources in tropical country due to its availability, fast growing characteristic of banana plant, carbon neutrality and the fact that each banana plant bears only one stem of fruit. Thermal conversion of biomass to higher energy density fuels is gaining a growing interest as it is sustainable and has a potential to reduce greenhouse gasses. However, many forms of biomass in the waste stream, including banana residues, have very high moisture content, which makes them both inefficient to store, transport, and process using conventional technology. The hydrothermal treatment (HT) is known for converting high moisture content solid wastes into dried, uniform, pulverized, coallike solid fuel. In the present study, banana leaves was characterized and subjected to HT in a batch process to evaluate the suitability of these biomass sources for solid fuel production. Banana leaves was treated via HT at the temperatures of 180 and 200 ° C with the holding time of 30 min. The results showed that HT can increase the carbon and energy content of banana leaves, while the ash content decreased with the increased of temperature. The calculated value for theoretical potential power generation from treated banana leaves is 3.8 GW. These results showed that the production of solid fuel from banana leaves by employing hydrothermal treatment can contribute to the development of renewable energy, especially in Indonesia.


2018 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Indah Astieningsih Mappapa ◽  
Ahmad T. Yuliansyah

In the context of industrialization, wood industry plays an important role as one of thepillar components in building Indonesia industry where 76.36% is supported by Meranti (Shorea Sp.).However, the increase of wood processing industries produces waste biomass in the form of largeamount sawdust. Hydrothermal treatment is an environmentally clean technology of convertingbiomass into coal-like solid called hydrochar using subcritical water. The purpose of this research isto determine the effect of temperature and water to biomass (b/w) ratio in the formation of hydrocharfrom Meranti sawdust. This research was carried out using a 250 mL hydrothermal reactor where amixture of Meranti sawdust and water heated at temperature variation of 240 and 300oC; b/w ratio1:20, 2:20, 3:20; initial pressure of 1.0 Mpa and holding time for 30 minutes. Hydrochar were thencharacterized in terms of yield, caloric value, proximate and ultimate analysis. Based on experimentalresult, 39-78% raw materials were converted into hydrochar where the highest yield was found ontemperature operation of 240oC and b/w ratio 2:20.


2014 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 345-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peitao Zhao ◽  
Yafei Shen ◽  
Shifu Ge ◽  
Zhenqian Chen ◽  
Kunio Yoshikawa

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad T. Yuliansyah ◽  
Tsuyoshi Hirajima ◽  
Satoshi Kumagai ◽  
Keiko Sasaki

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKLAS BERGLIN ◽  
PER TOMANI ◽  
HASSAN SALMAN ◽  
SOLVIE HERSTAD SVÄRD ◽  
LARS-ERIK ÅMAND

Processes have been developed to produce a solid biofuel with high energy density and low ash content from kraft lignin precipitated from black liquor. Pilot-scale tests of the lignin biofuel were carried out with a 150 kW powder burner and a 12 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. Lignin powder could be fired in a powder burner with good combustion performance after some trimming of the air flows to reduce swirl. Lignin dried to 10% moisture content was easy to feed smoothly and had less bridging tendencies in the feeding system than did wood/bark powder. In the CFB boiler, lignin was easily handled and cofired together with bark. Although the filter cake was broken into smaller pieces and fines, the combustion was not disturbed. When cofiring lignin with bark, the sulfur emission increased compared with bark firing only, but most of the sulfur was captured by calcium in the bark ash. Conventional sulfur capture also occurred with addition of limestone to the bed. The sulfur content in the lignin had a significantly positive effect on reducing the alkali chloride content in the deposits, thus reducing the high temperature corrosion risk.


Food Industry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert H-H. Nugmanov ◽  
Olesya A. Aleksanyan ◽  
Miguel A. S. Barzola

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina M. Ursescu ◽  
Angelica Olaru ◽  
Teodor Malutan. ◽  
Maria Geba ◽  
Corina Malutan

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