Bleaching and necrosis of staghorn coral (Acropora formosa) in laboratory assays: Immediate impact of LDPE microplastics

The minimum size of coral transplants, Acropora formosa, was assessed to support their survival and growth. For this, 150 coral fragments of different sizes (5, 10, 15 cm) were transplanted close to the donor colony. Their survivorship and growth were observed for 12 months. At the end of the observation time, 90% of 15 cm-transplanted coral fragments survived, while the others (10cm and 5 cm) did 86% and 82% respectively. The average growth rate of 5 cm-coral fragments was 0.860 cm/month, while 10 and 15 cm-fragments were 0.984 cm/month and 1.108 cm/month respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) among the three (5, 10, 15 cm) transplant initial sizes in which the longest fragment size tended to survive longer than the smaller one. However, the smaller transplants grew better than the bigger one, 10.318 cm/year (206%) for 5 cm-transplant, 11.803 cm/year (118%) for 10 cm-transplant, and 13.299 cm/year (89%) for 15 cm-transplant, respectively. Ukuran minimal fragmen karang Acropora formosa yang ditransplantasi diduga untuk mendukung ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhannya. Untuk itu, 150 fragmen karang ditransplantasi ke lokasi yang berdekatan dengan koloni induknya. Ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhan semua fragmen karang yang ditransplantasi diamati selama 12 bulan. Pada akhir pengamatan, 90% dari fragmen karang berukuran 15 cm yang ditransplantasi dapat bertahan hidup, sedangkan yang lainnya (ukuran 10 cm dan 5 cm) masing-masing sebesar 86% dan 82%. Rata-rata laju pertumbuhan fragmen karang dengan ukuran awal 5 cm adalah 0,860 cm/bulan, sedangkan ukuran fragmen 10 dan 15 cm masing-masing adalah 0,984 cm/bulan and 1,108 cm/bulan. ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (p<0.05) antara ketiga ukuran fragmen yang berbeda, di mana ukuran fragmen karang yang lebih panjang cenderung mempunyai ketahanan hidup yang lebih baik. Namun demikian, ukuran transplant yang lebih kecil memiliki pertumbuhan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ukuran yang lebih besar, yakni10,318 cm/tahun (206%) untuk transplant berukuran 5 cm, 11,803 cm/tahun (118%) untuk 10 cm, dan 13,299 cm/tahun (89%) untuk ukuran 15 cm.

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Structural determination of the oligosaccharide side chains from a glycoprotein isolated from the mucus of the coral Acropora formosa.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45474-9 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 262 (35) ◽

pp. 16941-16947

Author(s):

P Meikle ◽

G N Richards ◽

D Yellowlees

Keyword(s):

Side Chains ◽

Structural Determination ◽

Acropora Formosa

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Growth rate of Acropora formosa coral fragments transplanted on different composition of faba kerbstone artificial reef

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d201218 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Ruly Isfatul khasanah ◽

ENDANG YULI HERAWATI ◽

ANIK MARTINAH HARIATI ◽

MOHAMMAD MAHMUDI ◽

AIDA SARTIMBUL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Waste Product ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Artificial Reef ◽

Raw Material ◽

Live Coral ◽

Colony Diameter ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Concrete Blocks ◽

Acropora Formosa

Abstract. Khasanah RI, Herawati EY, Hariati AM, Mahmudi M, Sartimbul A, Wiadnya DGR, Asrial E, Yudatomo, Nabil R. 2019. Growth rate of Acropora formosa coral fragments transplanted on different compositions of faba kerbstone artificial reef. Biodiversitas 20: 3593-3598. A counter measure and an alternative technique to reduce coral reef destruction is through transplantation, which requires the relocation or cutting of a live coral, planted in a designated place containing damaged varieties. Faba kerbstone is a product innovation similar to paving block/brick, made from fly and bottom ash (FABA), which is the dominant waste product from PT Jawa Power, Probolinggo, Indonesia. In addition, it has also been widely utilized as a raw material in the creation of paving and concrete blocks, composed by harmless material, with a length, width, and height of 40, 25 and 15 cm, respectively. This study aims to observe the growth rate of Acropora formosa coral fragments transplanted on a faba kerbstone, using five different fly and bottom ash compositions: K1 = 0% Fa, K2 = 25% Fa and 75% Ba, K3 = 50% FA and 50% Ba, K4 = 75% Fa and 25% Ba, while K5 = 100% Fa and 0% Ba. Furthermore, the observations were conducted underwater, using scuba diving for six months, observing the parameters of fragment length, colony diameter, and branches number. In addition, the highest elongation rate of A. formosa coral fragments was identified at K2 (1.313 ± 0.447 cm/month), and K1 (1.185 ± 0.642 cm/month), while the most significant increment in colony diameter was observed in K2 (0.077 ± 0.060 cm/month) and K1 (0.063 ± 0.071 cm/month), and the largest number of branches was also found in K2 (29.50 or 4.28 branches/month) and K1 (25.25 or 3.67 branches/month). Furthermore, the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (p = 0.05) showed was no significant difference in the fragments elongation and colony diameters in the K1 and K2 models, although there was substantial variation from the K3, K4, and K5.

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Growth Rate of Acropora formosa Fragments that Transplanted on Artificial Substrate Made from Coral Rubble

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d100404 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 181-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

NUR FADLI

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Artificial Substrate ◽

Coral Rubble ◽

Acropora Formosa

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Analysis of composition and abundance of viral communities associated with coral \(\textit{Acropora formosa}\)

ACADEMIA JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY ◽

10.15625/2615-9023/15595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 113-123

Author(s):

Doan Thi Nhung ◽

Bui Van Ngoc

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Coral Bleaching ◽

Coastal Communities ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Coral Mucus ◽

Bleached Coral ◽

The World ◽

Viral Communities ◽

Acropora Formosa ◽

Coral Health

Coral reefs harbor the extraordinary biodiversity and not only provide livelihoods for coastal communities but also play a crucial role in economic development generally. Unfortunately, they are in decline in Vietnam and around the world because mass coral bleaching events have become more common worldwide. However, little is discovered, about viruses that infect corals and their symbionts. Herein, we present metagenomic analyses of the viral communities in coral mucus associated with healthy and bleached coral Acropora formosa which was collected at Con Dao Island, Vietnam. Interestingly, the number of viral species in bleached specimens are higher than those in healthy status. Viruses similar to those that infect humans and some marine animals also appeared in the coral viral assemblage. The results indicated that the proportion of shared viruses were quite small, and represented extremely abundance. Among the phage identified, vibriophage and cyanophage were only presented in healthy and bleached coral, respectively. Therefore, coral-associated viruses could prospectively infect all constituents of the holobiont - coral, microalgal and microbial. Thus, we expect viruses to be illustrated prominently in the preservation and breakdown of coral health.

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