ACADEMIA JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY
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Published By "Publishing House For Science And Technology Vietnam, Vietnam Academy Of Science And Technology"

2615-9023, 2615-9023

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Doan Thi Oanh ◽  
Duong Thi Thuy ◽  
Nguyen Thi Nhu Huong ◽  
Hoang Thi Quynh ◽  
Vu Thi Nguyet ◽  
...  

Microplastics with particle size less than 5 mm are becoming a raising global environmental crisis. These pollutants were found from the poles to the equator, in continental shelves, coasts and in the oceans, moreover, they have also been identified in the water columns, sediments and even in a variety of organisms. The majority of microplastics that ended up in the oceans originate from the land. Due to their small size, they are easily accumulated in the food chain, causing harmful effects on organisms and human health. The bivalves especially caught the interest of scientific researchers because of their direct contact with microplastics through the filter-feeding habit. Therefore, it is essential to develop methods to determine the presence of microplastics in these organisms and identify their source. This study evaluated the efficiency of extracting microplastics from the tissues of green mussels (Perna viridis) using KOH 10% solution to digest and KI 50% as the separating solution. Mussel soft tissue samples were spiked five different types of microplastics: polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and treated with KOH 10% solution and KI 50% solution. The presence of microplastics in some green mussel species was also investigated in some mussel farming areas in Giao Thuy, Nam Dinh province, Thi Nai, Quy Nhon, Binh Dinh province and Hue city, Thua Thien Hue province. The research results showed high efficiency of microplastic extraction and recovery with the range from 76% to 97%. Microplastic concentration obtained in all mussel samples variates from 1.0 ± 0.1 particles/g to 1.7 ± 0.6 particles/g, in which fiber microplastics predominated. Microplastics in mussel samples have small sizes of < 1,000 µm and 1,000–2,000 µm, make up 74.15–82.32% and 9.76–14.71%, respectively. Purple was dominant among all mussel samples. This study proved that using KOH 10% solution and KI 50% solution to isolate microplastics is a suitable approach and can be used in monitoring studies of microplastic pollution in bivalves.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ai Tam ◽  
Nguyen Van Tay ◽  
Nguyen Thi Kim Yen ◽  
Ha Thang Long

Kon Ka Kinh National Park (KKK NP) is a priority zone for biodiversity protection in Vietnam as well as ASEAN. In order to survey the current fauna species diversity in the southern part of the KKK NP, we conducted camera trapping surveys in 2017, 2018, and 2019. 28 infrared camera traps were set up on elevations between 1041 to 1497 meters. In total, there were 360 days of survey using camera trap. As result, we recorded a total of 27 animal species of those, five species are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN, 2020). The survey results showed a high richness of wildlife in the southern park region, and it also revealed human disturbance to wildlife in the park. The first-time camera trap was used for surveying wildlife diversity in the southern region of the KKK NP. Conducting camera trap surveys in the whole KKK NP is essential for monitoring and identifying priority areas for wildlife conservation in the national park.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Giang ◽  
Luu Han Ly ◽  
Pham Le Bich Hang ◽  
Le Thi Thu Hien

Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. is a species of the genus Panax native to Central Vietnam, containing a family of triterpene saponins named ginsenosides. This group of biomolecules possesses valuable therapeutic properties against cancer, hepatitis, diabetes, inflammation as well as stress and anxiety. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS) is a key enzyme participating in the ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway. In this study, a FPS gene from P. vietnamensis (PvFPS) was isolated and characterized. The PvFPS cDNA contained an open reading frame of 1032 bp, encoding a polypeptide chain of 342 amino acid residues. Nucleotide sequence comparison showed that FPS was highly conserved among most species, with two Aspartate-rich motifs responsible for product chain length determination strongly sustained. PvFPS was closely related to those of the same genera and order and differed from those from other kingdoms. PvFPS expression was detected at a greater level in root tissues than in leaves in all ages. Our findings provided information concerning the properties of a crucial gene in the ginsenoside biosynthesis, thus enhancing our understanding of this important pathway.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Quach Ngoc Tung ◽  
Vu Thi Hanh Nguyen ◽  
Le Thi Thanh Xuan ◽  
Chu Hoang Ha ◽  
Phi Quyet Tien

B-vitamins are micronutrients that play an important role in various cellular processes of organisms, which are only synthesized by plants, yeasts, and bacteria. Since animals and humans lack the ability to synthesize B-vitamins, supplements of vitamins from dietary and the B-vitamin producing bacteria are required. In this study, we, for the first time, shed some light on biosynthetic pathways involved in folate (vitamin B9), riboflavin (vitamin B2), and biotin (vitamin B7) production in Bacillus velezensis VTX20. The genome-wide comparison revealed that B. velezensis VTX20 shared high similarities with B. tequilensis KCTC 13622, B. subtilis 168, B. amyloliquefaciens DSM 7. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of a complete folate biosynthesis pathway in which some core components were not found in most Bacillus species. Moreover, strain VTX20 also had the metabolic pathways for riboflavin and biotin that are important probiotic traits. These results highlighted that B. velezensis VTX20 is a producer of B-vitamins, which can be applied further in the agricultural biotechnology industry.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Bui Hong Quang ◽  
Tran Duc Binh ◽  
Do Van Hai ◽  
Le Ngoc Han ◽  
Duong Thi Hoang ◽  
...  

This study aimed to assess the relationship between distribution, altitude and investigation lines of vascular plants in Bat Xat Nature Reserve, Lao Cai province. Based on the collected specimens added 273 species of vascular plants belonging to 48 genera, 18 families, bringing the total number the currently known species are 1245 species of vascular plants belonging to 649 genera, 174 families and under 6 divisions such as. Of these, and there are 211 endemic and rare species consists have been recorded and 22 rare species 17 endemic species and updated scientific name 14 species added checklist to the Nature Reserve. Topographic, vegetation and distribution maps, changes in diversity and a checklist of endemic and rare species are shown.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Bui Trong Dien ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Manh ◽  
Mai Van Thai ◽  
Vu Thi Thuong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien

A taxonomic study on the genus Ectopioglossa Perkins from Vietnam is presented. Two species, E. henseni Gusenleitner, 1990 and E. taiwana (Sonan, 1938), are recorded as new to the vespid fauna of Vietnam. A key to the Ectopioglossa species known from Vietnam is also provided based on external morphological characters.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Vu Kim Cong ◽  
Tran Thai Vinh ◽  
H’Yon Nie Bing ◽  
Dang Thi Tham ◽  
Quach Van Hoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Nervilia kasiensis is reported here as a new record for the flora of Vietnam. It is illustrated with detailed photographs made in the field. A key for the identification of all species of Nervilia genus known in Vietnam is presented.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Quach Van Hoi ◽  
Luong Van Dung ◽  
Roman V. Doudkin ◽  
Bui Danh Chung ◽  
Nong Van Duy

Through field survey and morphological research, this study has determined that the Camellia genus in Lam Dong province, Vietnam has a high diversity of morphological, distribution and taxa characteristics. The species of Camellia genus in Lam Dong province are mostly shrubs and small trees. The narrow oblong leaves are a very common and typical characteristic for Camellia in Lam Dong province. The flowers of the species of Camellia are diverse with four main colours is white, yellow, pink and purple. The fruits are globose, flattened globose, wrinkled or uneven edges. Especially, the obovoid fruit only occurs in Lam Dong province. Most of the species of Camellia genus in this province are endemic. The study has added ten species of the Camellia genus, brings the total of species of Camellia genus to Lam Dong province to between sixteen and twenty six. This is the first study to evaluate Camellia diversity in Lam Dong province. It is also the first complete statistics on the number of species of Camellia genus in Lam Dong province to confirm that this province is the second diversity centre of Camellia of Vietnam following the first centre in the North of Vietnam.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Huynh Thi Ngoc Duyen ◽  
Tran Thi Minh Hue ◽  
Tran Thi La Van ◽  
Phan Tuan Luom ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Lam ◽  
...  

Phytoplankton species composition, abundance, biodiversity indices and their influence by environmental conditions were examined in Thi Nai lagoon using data from four surveys in 2004, 2008, 2009 and 2020. A total of 367 taxa of phytoplankton belonging to ten groups was recorded, of which diatoms were dominant with over 60% of the total species. In Thi Nai lagoon, the number of phytoplankton species decreased from the upper lagoon (283 taxa) to the lagoon mouth area (224) and was lowest in river stations (139). The species number was much lower in the rainy season (<95 species) and increased from 2004 to 2020. Among the biodiversity indices, Shannon, ∆, s∆+, Λ+ and sФ+ were lower in the rainy season, whereas ∆*, ∆+ and Ф+ had lower values in the dry season. For long-term analysis, the differences were especially significant at upper and lower lagoon for ∆, ∆*, ∆+, s∆+ and sФ+. In the dry season, the mean density of phytoplankton was lower at the river stations and upper lagoon, but higher at the lower lagoon and the lagoon mouth area. There was a clear difference of species assemblages between the two seasons with average dissimilarities in each area ranging from 94.16% to 95.57%. During 2004–2020, the difference in ratios between the main phytoplankton groups were small over years but there was a complete change in dominance of particular species, assemblage dissimilarities were from 73.4 to 77.9, greatest between 2009 and 2020. The lagoon was low in biodiversity for the whole investigated time indicated by taxonomic index ∆+. Among biodiversity indices, species richness (S), taxonomic indices (∆*, s∆+), and phylogenetic indices (Ф+, sФ+) were more sensitive to the changes of the aquatic environment than other traditional indices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Phan Bach Viet ◽  
Hoang Minh Duc ◽  
Tran Van Bang ◽  
Luu Hong Truong ◽  
Nguyen Dang Quang ◽  
...  

In this study, 19 surface bioclimatic variables of high spatial resolution 0.00226o (~ 250 m) are generated in a Geographic Information System by the combination of (1) the raster dataset of monthly temperature and precipitation obtained from the global WorldClim database at 0.00833o spatial resolution for the period of 1960–2000; and (2) the climate data (temperature and precipitation) of the Central Highlands and Southern Central Coast collected from the 31 temperature and 97 precipitation recording sites for the period of 1991–2015. The statistical downscaling method is applied, using multiple linear regression analysis, in which elevation, geographic coordinates, and distance from the coast are treated as independent variables, to estimate the distribution of temperature; and the B-Spline interpolation method combined with multiple linear regression analysis is employed on precipitation over the study area. The outcomes of the two main analyses are computed to create 19 high spatial resolution bioclimatic variables. While using only local climate data on analyzing the regression models results in high fluctuation of estimated temperature, the combination of the two datasets is more informative. The spatial distribution of our interpolated precipitation is similar to the WorldClim data but has a smaller difference in the mean annual precipitation. The results, which shows higher spatial resolution and are closer to the observed data than those from the WorldClim, could be better applied for predicting species distribution in the region.


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