Transplantation of coral fragment, Acropora formosa (Scleractinia)

2014 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanny Tioho ◽  
Maykel A.J Karauwan
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Size ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acropora Formosa ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Better Than

The minimum size of coral transplants, Acropora formosa, was assessed to support their survival and growth. For this, 150 coral fragments of different sizes (5, 10, 15 cm) were transplanted close to the donor colony. Their survivorship and growth were observed for 12 months. At the end of the observation time, 90% of 15 cm-transplanted coral fragments survived, while the others (10cm and 5 cm) did 86% and 82% respectively. The average growth rate of 5 cm-coral fragments was 0.860 cm/month, while 10 and 15 cm-fragments were 0.984 cm/month and 1.108 cm/month respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) among the three (5, 10, 15 cm) transplant initial sizes in which the longest fragment size tended to survive longer than the smaller one.  However, the smaller transplants grew better than the bigger one, 10.318 cm/year (206%) for 5 cm-transplant, 11.803 cm/year (118%) for 10 cm-transplant, and 13.299 cm/year (89%) for 15 cm-transplant, respectively. Ukuran minimal fragmen karang Acropora formosa yang ditransplantasi diduga untuk mendukung ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhannya. Untuk itu, 150 fragmen karang ditransplantasi ke lokasi yang berdekatan dengan koloni induknya.  Ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhan semua fragmen karang yang ditransplantasi diamati selama 12 bulan.  Pada akhir pengamatan, 90% dari fragmen karang berukuran 15 cm yang ditransplantasi dapat bertahan hidup, sedangkan yang lainnya (ukuran 10 cm dan 5 cm) masing-masing sebesar 86% dan 82%.  Rata-rata laju pertumbuhan fragmen karang dengan ukuran awal 5 cm adalah 0,860 cm/bulan, sedangkan ukuran fragmen 10 dan 15 cm masing-masing adalah 0,984 cm/bulan and 1,108 cm/bulan. ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (p<0.05) antara ketiga ukuran fragmen yang berbeda, di mana ukuran fragmen karang yang lebih panjang cenderung mempunyai ketahanan hidup yang lebih baik. Namun demikian, ukuran transplant yang lebih kecil memiliki pertumbuhan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ukuran yang lebih besar, yakni10,318 cm/tahun (206%) untuk transplant berukuran 5 cm, 11,803 cm/tahun (118%) untuk 10 cm, dan 13,299 cm/tahun (89%) untuk ukuran 15 cm.

Survival and growth of understory trees in oak forests of the Hudson Highlands, New York

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig G. Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Red Oaks ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Understory Trees

Mortality and growth rates of trees in various crown classes and size classes were analyzed from 40-year permanent plot records of slope and ravine forest dominated by chestnut oak (Quercusprinus L.) and northern red oak (Quercusrubra L.). Average 5-year mortality rates for suppressed trees ≥2.5 cm dbh of chestnut oak and red oak in the slope forest were 26 and 45%, respectively. None of the suppressed red oaks survived the 40-year period, compared with 14% of the chestnut oaks and 33% of the red maples (Acerrubrum L.). Mortality of oak trees in the intermediate crown class was less than half that of suppressed trees, but still much higher than that of maples and birches on the tracts. Survival was reasonably high for oaks as long as the top of the crown was receiving direct sunlight, but the expected 40-year survival rate of red oaks in such a position is only 20%, with an average growth rate of 1.0 mm in diameter per year. Curves and equations expressing average mortality and growth rates at various levels of competition are presented for each species.

scholarly journals Comparison of the canal transportation of ProTaper GOLD, WaveOne GOLD, and TruNatomy in simulated double-curved canals

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
HyeWon Kim ◽  
Su-Jin Jeon ◽  
Min-Seock Seo
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Time ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Shaping Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Canal Transportation ◽  
Shaping Ability ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background In root canal preparations, it is important to maintain the original canal shape. However, it is difficult to accomplish this, especially due to the complex canal anatomy. This study aimed to compare the shaping ability of the ProTaper GOLD, WaveOne GOLD, and newly developed TruNatomy in simulated S-shaped canals. Methods The root canals of 60 S-shaped resin blocks were dyed using ink and photographed. The blocks were then randomly divided into three groups: group ProTaper GOLD (n = 20), WaveOne GOLD (n = 20), and TruNatomy (n = 20). The simulated canals were instrumented according to the NiTi file system and photographed again after being dyed with red ink. The pre- and post-preparation images were superimposed, and the amount of resin removed from both the mesial and distal sides of the canal measured up to 9 mm from the apical terminus, with a 1 mm increment. The preparation time was also calculated. A paired t-test was used to determine the degree of deviation at different levels within the groups. To compare the degree of transportation at different levels between the groups, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed according to the normality. Results TruNatomy showed a significant deviation between the mesial and distal sides of the canal only in the coronal area at 6, 7, 8, and 9 mm levels of the canal (p < 0.05). When comparing the amount of transportation in the 3 groups at 9 different levels, TruNatomy showed significantly less canal transportation than the other groups at the 3-and 5-mm levels of the canal (p < 0.05), while ProTaper GOLD showed the largest amount of transportation in the apical curved area at the 2 and 3 mm levels (p < 0.05). TruNatomy removed less resin than other groups in all sections (p < 0.05), while ProTaper GOLD removed slightly more resin than WaveOne GOLD; however, there was no significant difference (p = 0.043). Shaping time was the least for TruNatomy, followed by the WaveOne GOLD and ProTaper GOLD (p < 0.05). Conclusions TruNatomy maintained the original apical canal curvature in S-shaped curved canals better than ProTaper GOLD and WaveOne GOLD.

scholarly journals Assessment of effective coral rehabilitated in Marine Protected Areas of south Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4A) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Hoang Xuan Ben ◽  
Vo Si Tuan ◽  
Phan Kim Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Survival And Growth

More than 20,300 fragment corals belonging to 24 species, eight genera and six families were rehabilitated in marine protected areas of south Vietnam. Mean survival rates of coral fragments ranged from 60–97.7%, the average growth rate of the branched corals was 4.8 mm/month meanwhile the foliose coral was 1.9 mm/month. The survival and growth rate of corals are different among areas because each coral species has different biological characteristics, structure colonies and due to differences in natural conditions each area. The results showed that the growth rate of corals will return to normal after 4 months rehabilitation. The factors affected the effective coral rehabilitation including: Coral reef predators, spatial competition among species, environmental conditions change due to human’s activities; and other factors such as hydrodynamic regimes, cutting fragment corals cause its injury damage. The rehabilitation and protection activities of coral reefs in marine protected areas should be continued and expanded, contributing to the protection of biodivesity, marine resource and sustainable coral reefs ecosystem development.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Shaping Ability of ProTaper GOLD, WaveOne GOLD, and TruNatomy in Simulated Double-curved Canals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HyeWon Kim ◽  
Su-Jin Jeon ◽  
Min-Seock Seo
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Time ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Shaping Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Canal Transportation ◽  
Shaping Ability ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background: In root canal preparations, it is important to maintain the original canal shape. However, it is difficult to accomplish this, especially due to the complex canal anatomy. This study aimed to compare the shaping ability of the ProTaper GOLD, WaveOne GOLD, and newly developed TruNatomy in simulated S-shaped canals.Materials and methods: The root canals of 60 S-shaped resin blocks were dyed using ink and photographed. The blocks were then randomly divided into three groups: group ProTaper GOLD (n=20), WaveOne GOLD (n=20), and TruNatomy (n=20). The simulated canals were instrumented according to the NiTi file system and photographed again after being dyed with red ink. The pre- and post-preparation images were superimposed, and the amount of resin removed from both the mesial and distal sides of the canal measured up to 9 mm from the apical terminus, with a 1 mm increment. The preparation time was also calculated. A paired t-test was used to determine the degree of deviation at different levels within the groups. To compare the degree of transportation at different levels between the groups, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed according to the normality. Results: TruNatomy showed a significant deviation between the mesial and distal sides of the canal only in the coronal area at 6, 7, 8, and 9 mm levels of the canal (p < 0.05). When comparing the amount of transportation in the 3 groups at 9 different levels, TruNatomy showed significantly less canal transportation than the other groups at the 3, 5, and 6 mm levels of the canal (p < 0.05), while ProTaper GOLD showed the largest amount of transportation in the apical curved area at the 2 and 3 mm levels (p < 0.05). TruNatomy removed less resin than other groups in all sections (p < 0.05), while ProTaper GOLD removed slightly more resin than WaveOne GOLD; however, there was no significant difference (p=0.043). Shaping time was the least for TruNatomy, followed by the WaveOne GOLD and ProTaper GOLD (p < 0.05).Conclusions: TruNatomy maintained the original canal curvature in S-shaped curved canals better than ProTaper GOLD and WaveOne GOLD.

scholarly journals LAJU PERTUMBUHAN KARANG Acropora formosa YANG DITRANPLANTASI PADA MEDIA TEMPEL DAN MEDIA GANTUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Stevania M Runtuwene ◽  
Indri S Manembu ◽  
Noldy G.F Mamangkey ◽  
Antonius P Rumengan ◽  
Darus Paransa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Coral ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Fixed Media ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Acropora Formosa ◽  
Media Data

Corals are associations of millions polyps that live in symbiotic way with zooxanthellae algae. Most of the polyps live in colonies and form a reef. Coral reefs are rich ecosystems that contain diverse organisms living in it. However, the threat of damage increases with the pressure that enters the waters. Coral transplantation is one way of restorations that can be done to restore damaged corals by cutting live corals and then planting them in places where the corals have been damaged. This study aims to determine the growth rate of Acropora formosa corals that were transplanted on fixed and hanging media. Data was collected in Malalayang Coast Waters, Manado City, North Sulawesi. The research took place for seven months. Beginning with the coral transplant activity of Acropora formosa on fixed and hanging media, then continued with monitoring every month for six months. Transplanted corals were measured using a ruler to determine the length of the coral from the beginning to the end of the study and then the data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The results obtained for the average growth rate of Acropora formosa corals transplanted on fixed media were 0.8 cm and on hanging media 1.8 cm. Overall growth rate averaged 1.3 cm.Keywords: Coral, Coral Reef, Transplant, Acropora formosa.

Isolation of an Anti-fatigue Preparation from Cellulase-treated Maca by Hydroalcoholic Extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Zheng Yue ◽  
Zhang Wen-Cheng ◽  
Wu Ze-Yu ◽  
Fu Chuan-Xiang ◽  
Gao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue activity of maca hydroalcoholic extract (ME), which mainly contains macamides and polysaccharides. ME was prepared by circumfluence extraction with enzymatic pre-treatment. Anti-fatigue activity of ME was investigated in weight-loaded forced swimming mice, with pure macamides and commercially available maca tablet as positive control. Compared with normal group, pure macamides treatment group could prolong the swimming time to exhaustion, but there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05); while ME (middle-dose and high-dose groups) could effectively prolong the swimming durations (P < 0.05). Supplementation with pure macamides significantly decreased blood lactic acid (BLA), whereas ME significantly increased hepatic glycogen (HG), decreased BLA, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) compared with those in normal control (P < 0.05). The results suggested that the anti-fatigue effect of ME was better than that of pure macamides, which can be explained by the increase of glycogen storage and the reduction of metabolites accumulation.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF ADOLESCENTS WITH REFERENCE TO GENDER

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Chandel ◽  
Seema Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Understanding Emotions ◽  
School Records ◽  
Better Than

The present study was undertaken to find out emotional intelligence and academic achievement of male and female adolescents. The sample consists of 82 students( 41 male and 41 female adolescents) from different schools in Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh. Emotional intelligence was assessed with the help of Emotional Intelligence Scale developed by Singh and Narain (2014) and academic achievement score were taken from the school records. The results revealed that there exists a significant difference in emotional intelligence of male and female adolescents. It was found that there existed significant difference in academic achievement of female adolescents and male adolescents. The mean emotional intelligence of female adolescents was better than of male adolescents. On the dimensions of emotional intelligence, it was found that there was no significant difference between male and female adolescents on understanding emotions, empathy and handling relations dimensions of emotional intelligence; while it was reported that there was significant difference between male and female adolescents on understanding motivation dimension of emotional intelligence On the other hand, it was found that there existed significant difference in academic achievement of female adolescents and male adolescents.

scholarly journals Integrated Bimodal Fitting for Unilateral CI Users with Residual Contralateral Hearing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Gennaro Auletta ◽  
Annamaria Franzè ◽  
Carla Laria ◽  
Carmine Piccolo ◽  
Carmine Papa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Noisy Conditions ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Better Than

Background: The aim of this study was to compare, in users of bimodal cochlear implants, the performance obtained using their own hearing aids (adjusted with the standard NAL-NL1 fitting formula) with the performance using the Phonak Naìda Link Ultra Power hearing aid adjusted with both NAL-NL1 and a new bimodal system (Adaptive Phonak Digital Bimodal (APDB)) developed by Advanced Bionics and Phonak Corporations. Methods: Eleven bimodal users (Naìda CI Q70 + contralateral hearing aid) were enrolled in our study. The users’ own hearing aids were replaced with the Phonak Naìda Link Ultra Power and fitted following the new formula. Speech intelligibility was assessed in quiet and noisy conditions, and comparisons were made with the results obtained with the users’ previous hearing aids and with the Naída Link hearing aids fitted with the NAL-NL1 generic prescription formula. Results: Using Phonak Naìda Link Ultra Power hearing aids with the Adaptive Phonak Digital Bimodal fitting formula, performance was significantly better than that with the users’ own rehabilitation systems, especially in challenging hearing situations for all analyzed subjects. Conclusions: Speech intelligibility tests in quiet settings did not reveal a significant difference in performance between the new fitting formula and NAL-NL1 fittings (using the Naída Link hearing aids), whereas the performance difference between the two fittings was very significant in noisy test conditions.

Analysis of Support for Parents in Raising Children with Dyslexia

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2094892
Author(s):  
Athira Amira Abd Rauf ◽  
Maizatul Akmar Ismail ◽  
Vimala Balakrishnan ◽  
Loh Sau Cheong ◽  
Novia Indriaty Admodisastro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
One Way Anova

The parents of children with dyslexia often experience more parenting stress and depressive symptoms compared to other parents. Studies have shown that supporting and encouraging such parents help in reducing their frustrations, fear, anger, and low self-esteem towards their children. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the different types of support needed by the parents of children with dyslexia and to explore the relationships between the required support with the parents’ marital status. Fifty questionnaires were distributed to the parents of children with dyslexia and analyzed. The findings showed that the type of support needed for parents of children with dyslexia could be grouped into social, peer-to-peer, financial, and government support. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between the social (p = 0.4014), peer-to-peer (p = 0.5020), and government (p = 0.7121) support with parents’ marital status. However, based on one-way ANOVA analysis, there was a significant difference found between the parents’ marital status and financial support (p = 0.0241). Accordingly, it is anticipated that the implication of this research could be used as a guide and a reference for supporting and encouraging parents of children with dyslexia and other learning disabilities.

Perception of Word Junctures by Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1075-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore De Marco ◽  
Roxanne M. Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Top Down ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meaningful Context ◽  
Better Than

A comparative study was undertaken to assess the relative magnitude of the effects of linguistic context on the perception of word-juncture boundaries in 30 young school-aged children, 30 older school-aged children, and 30 adults. Minimally contrasted two-word phrases differing in word-juncture boundaries were embedded in a meaningful sentence context, nonmeaningful sentence context, and in neutral phrase context. Groups performed similarly in the neutral phrase context, and two older groups performed better than the young group in the meaningful context. The poorest performances occurred during the nonmeaningful context, with a significant difference among age groups. Heavier reliance upon top-down processing and less developed linguistic and metalinguistic competence may account for the observed differences among groups.

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