Control of maximum water age based on total chlorine decay in secondary water supply system

Chemosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 132198
Author(s):  
Bing Geng ◽  
Jingjing Fan ◽  
Minghao Shi ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Jiuling Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Chlorine Decay

Effect of multi-valve closure on superposed pressure in a tree-type long distance gravitational water supply system

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 420-430
Author(s):  
Xingtao Wang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Yu ◽  
Sheng Chen ◽  
Wenlong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Valve Closure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Tree Type

Abstract Valves are installed at the end of each branch pipeline in a tree-type long distance gravitational water supply system to regulate flow. However, the sequential closing of all valves may cause a tremendous superposed pressure rise, even larger than the pressure rise under simultaneous valve closure. In this paper, the effects of sequential valve closure on the superposed maximum water hammer pressure rise in a pipeline were investigated. By using the wave superposition principle, a sequential valve closure formula leading to maximum water hammer was proposed and verified using numerical simulation based on a practical project. In addition, the superposed maximum pressure rises in the pipeline were compared under single, simultaneous and sequential valve closure, respectively. The results show that the sequential valve closure formula agrees well with the numerical results and the pressure rise in the pipeline under the sequential closing was the largest. Moreover, compared with the superposed maximum pressure rises at the main pipeline, the effect of sequential valve closure on superposed maximum pressure rise at the branch pipeline is more sensitive.

scholarly journals Modeling chlorine distribution in water supply system utilizing empirically determined chlorine decay rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00054
Author(s):  
Anna Musz-Pomorska ◽  
Marcin K. Widomski ◽  
Agnieszka Matczuk ◽  
Konrad Sadura
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Decay Rate ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
First Order ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Chlorine Decay

Analysis of free chlorine propagation in water supply network has a significant meaning for the process of water distribution. Results of numerical studies allow the proper selection of disinfectant or suitable monitoring of pipelines endangered by stagnation of water. The first-order reaction of chlorine decay in pipe boundary layer and inside the waterbody is commonly successfully assumed in numerical modeling. The aim of this studies was to analyze transport of chlorine inside the rural water supply system. The calculations were performed with application of Epanet 2.0 with assumed the first-order re action of chlorine decay and empirically determined chlorine decay rate in the mass of waterbody. The periodical disinfection of water in the network with the constant chlorine concentration 0.3 mg·dm-3 introduced during the whole time duration of simulation was assumed to calculations. The obtained results of chlorine distribution showed that even after 4 days there were available pipelines in which concentration of free chlorine was lower than 0.2 mg·dm-3. Thus, the microbiological protection of water quality is unavailable in these pipelines.

Residual chlorine behavior in a distribution network of a small water supply system

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Araya ◽  
Luis D. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract This study presents the behavior of residual chlorine using computer modeling for a small water supply system located in La Sirena, Cali, Colombia. The study included field work to calibrate and validate the model together with lab determinations. Results show that the kinetics of first and second order together with the kinetics of mixed order can adequately describe the behavior of residual chlorine in this type of network. The research showed the variables that influence the behavior of residual chlorine in the network are: the quality of the input water, chlorine dosing, the effect of storage that increases the water age, and the presence of dead zones in the tanks. The study revealed that 95% of the reaction occurs in the storage tanks due to the small variation in the water level and the negligible reactions at the pipe walls. This study proved that the residual chlorine modeling in this small network in particular is a valuable tool for monitoring the water quality in the distribution network, which is useful to comply with water quality guidelines.

scholarly journals Evaluation Of Factors Affecting Bulk Chlorine Decay Kinetics For The Zai Water Supply System In Jordan. Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOTASEM N. SAIDAN ◽  
KHALED RAWAJFEH ◽  
SAHAR NASRALLAH ◽  
SÜREYYA MERIC ◽  
AHMAD MASHAL
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Decay Kinetics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chlorine Decay

scholarly journals Analysis of selected aspects of collective water supply system operation in the selected municipality

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 00003
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Boryczko
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Water Age ◽  
System Operation

The purpose of the work was to analyze the exploitation of the collective water supply system (CWSS), on the example of Czudec, Podkarpackie CWSS. The water balance was prepared. The system operation was simulated using the Epanet software. The obtained data was presented in graphical form of pressure distribution on the network during the minimum and maximum demand. Water age simulations were also prepared, that is, the period of water residence in water distribution subsystem.

DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC, CADMIUM, LEAD, COOPER AND ZINC IN DRINKING WATER FROM R. MACEDONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1264
Author(s):  
Kiril Lisichkov ◽  
Katerina Atkovska ◽  
Neven Trajchevski ◽  
Orce Popovski ◽  
Nadica Todorovska
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
The City

The presence of some chemical compounds at higher levels than maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in the drinking water, suggests of water resources pollution. In this paper the following elements were analyzed: total arsenic, cadmium, lead, cooper and zinc. Twelve samples of water from the water supply system from the city of Skopje were examined during one year from three different springs. Also, ten samples of bottled water from three producers from the Macedonian market were tested.The determined average mass concentrations of total As, Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) in the analyzed water samples from the water supply system are 1.35 μg/l, 0.06 μg/l, 0.6 μg/l, 0.9 μg/l and 1,12 μg/l, respectively, and for the tested bottled water, the mean values ranges from 0.56 - 0.83 μg total As / l, 0.053 - 0.056 μg Cd(II)/l, 0.51 - 0.54 μg Pb(II)/l , 0.6 - 0.87 μg Cu(II)/l and 0.68 - 0.8 μg Zn(II)/l water.The following instrumental analytical methods and techniques were used for the analysis of the tested samples of drinking water: flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic absorption spectroscopy with hydride cеll, electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy.The obtained results are shown in tables and graphic form. According to the obtained results a comparative analysis was carried out indicate that it is a water of good quality that can be used in different branches of the process industry.The obtained results in this paper do not exceed the values of the MPC of the Republic of Macedonia prescribed by the legal regulations for the drinking water, which confirm the health safety of the drinking water from the water supply system in the city of Skopje and the packed waters from the Macedonian market in relation to the tested elements.

The Management Component of the Kafr El Sheikh Water Supply Project, Egypt

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Finance Development ◽  
Institutional Resources

The Kafr El Sheikh Water Supply Project is a comprehensive endeavour to provide the physical and institutional resources for an effective and sustainable water supply system for 2 million persons in a developing rural Governorate in the Delta region of Egypt. The paper describes the aims of the Management Component, the institutional development of an integrated water supply and sewerage company and the main activities to-date. These include training, operational improvements, health education and finance development. Further support is required until all engineering and institutional development work has been completed.

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