The quantity of education and preference for sons: Evidence from Taiwan's compulsory education reform

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 101369
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Shin-Yi Chou ◽  
Lea Gimenez ◽  
Jin-Tan Liu
Author(s):  
Daniel Kiel

This chapter traces the arc of American education, describing how the tension between liberty and equality has shaped education law and policy every step of the way. The chapter begins by exploring the origins of American education, including the equality-minded adoption of compulsory education and common schools and the liberty-minded desire for parents to control elements of their children’s education. Next, the chapter expands to consideration of equality and liberty in the education of groups. This includes the equality revolutions of the 1960s and 1970s during which schooling became more inclusive of multiple groups of students, and also the liberty-based backlash to those revolutions pursuing greater local control and self-determination. The chapter then highlights the liberty and equality-based tensions impacting contemporary education reform, such as the standards and choice movements. Finally, the chapter looks to the future, arguing that advances in technology, increasing student diversity, and unprecedented flux in the structure of American education will force continued balancing of the values of liberty and equality. Ultimately, the chapter argues that these core democratic impulses—liberty and equality—form a double helix at the core of many of the conflicts in American education law and policy and that management of the relationship between them will continue to drive how Americans respond to educational challenges of the future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (825) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Faisal Bari

The Pakistani Constitution promises “free and compulsory” education for all, but 20 million children are not in school. Many who are enrolled receive poor-quality education: surveys show Pakistani students ranking among the lowest achievers in the world. This has led families in all but the lowest income groups to seek private alternatives for their children, weakening the constituency for improved public schools. Under Prime Minister Imran Khan, the government has pushed for a Single National Curriculum. Critics contend that it will not address lack of access or the poor quality of education, but that it could lead to restrictions on school choice, provincial autonomy, and linguistic diversity, while imposing a narrow vision of national identity.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Jinjin Lu ◽  
Yingliang Liu

<p>Enhancing students’ learning autonomy has been emphasized in the current round of English curriculum reforms by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in China. The initial aim of the new guidelines was developed to enhance students’ English proficiency to better fulfil their basic education (Nine-year compulsory education). However, up until now, very little is known about the quality of students’ basic education and their learner autonomy development. This paper uses the English language subject as a case to examine the relationship between the different locations of students’ attendance of their basic education and their learner autonomy development at university level. The result shows that secondary schools’ locations play a more important role in students’ learner autonomy development at university. A ‘Have A Go’ model is proposed to improve students’ transition between high schools and universities in the English language learning process.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-209
Author(s):  
Mojca Kovač Šebart ◽  
Damijan Štefanc ◽  
Tadej Vidmar

Following the adoption of the conceptual design proposed by the White Paper in 1995 and the legislation adopted on this basis, the reform of primary school transformed its overall image. In the present paper, we discuss only some of the solutions and consider the events and changes that have occurred in the last twenty years, devoting special attention to the systemic, programme and process levels. At the systemic level, where the starting point was primarily to ensure justice and equal opportunities, we have managed to maintain an adequate public network and programme structure, despite various attempts to implement the solutions indicated in the White Paper of 2011, and notwithstanding interventions in the system that were not in fact always well thought out. Nonetheless, more attention should have been paid to reducing inequalities related to sociocultural circumstances and different regions in Slovenia. On the programme level, a consensus needs to be reached on what quality general education means to us; this would alleviate conflicting demands placed on teachers, students and planners of programme solutions. On the process level, however, we find that there is a lack of adequate professional support and systematic evaluation studies, as the quality of school cannot be judged solely on the basis of results from international research. In order to take a step forward on the process level, there is need for quality school-linked school policy that is based on various professions and aimed at raising quality rather than at self-promotion and budget cutting in the field of education.  


2019 ◽  
pp. 491-505
Author(s):  
Biljana Bodroski-Spariosu ◽  
Mirjana Senic-Ruzic

The purpose of this paper is the analysis of the two most influential global policy initiatives in education reform - the OECD?s comparative study of students? educational achievements after compulsory education - PISA, and the Bologna process or the creation of a single European Higher Education Area. Although they relate to different levels of the education system, they have been initiated with the same aim of making education more effective in the context of the so-called knowledge societies. Apart from having appeared in about the same timeframe (the first cycle of the PISA survey was conducted in 2000 and the Bologna Declaration was adopted in 1999), both policy initiatives consider education in the context of the imperatives of economic rationality, competitiveness, and freedom to choose individual participants according to personal preferences. Undoubtedly, the OECD and the Bologna Process have altered the purpose and structure of education systems around the world in a relatively short time in accordance with the dominant neoliberal values and the perception of a man as homo economicus. The results of the initiated reforms are linked to the ?economization? of education policy and the ?pedagogisation? of economic policy, given the increased importance of the role of skills and the human capital agenda. Their key pedagogical implications can be described as reducing education to developing human capital and instrumentalizing education for non-pedagogical purposes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Phunsapphaisan THANON ◽  
Zhihua XIA ◽  
Yuan XUN

In order to maximize the benefits of the national economy's macro-distribution and redistribution of educational resources, it is necessary to solve the problem of the optimal and reasonable allocation in the education system. Whether it takes the form of urban and rural education regional community, compulsory education school district system, teacher community, and so on, it must be based on the distribution of high-quality resources. Educational resources are limited, and new resources cannot be wasted due to reintegration. Therefore, the government must implement macro-control, seriously conduct investigations and feasibility studies, and adopt relatively reasonable allocations to achieve a relatively balanced target for limited educational resources. The balance of educational resources is not only the core of China's higher education development, but also the key to the good development of each university in China. This article analyzes and studies the balance of higher educational resources in China from the perspective of supply side, from the extension of supply side reform in higher education, the analysis of the balance of higher educational resources, and the optimization of balance of higher education resources. Making in-depth research, this paper points out the problems in the balance reform of higher education resources in China from the supply side, and reasonably put forward the relevant approaches of equity in Education.


2014 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOBO LÜ

Elites often use social policies to garner political support and ensure regime survival, but social policies are not a silver bullet. Using two waves of Chinese national surveys, I find that a recent policy of abolishing school fees has significantly increased citizens’ demand for greater government responsibility in financing compulsory education. I argue that policy awareness, rather than policy benefits, drives citizens’ demand. Finally, I show that policy awareness has enhanced citizens’ trust in China's central government, but not in local governments. This asymmetry in regime support has two sources—the decentralization of education provision and biased media reporting—which induce citizens to credit the central government for good policy outcomes. Given that citizens’ responses are primarily influenced by policy awareness that is promoted by the state media, this study casts doubt on the use of social policies to sustain long-term political support.


Author(s):  
Chin-Chieh Juh ◽  
◽  
Chow-Chin Lu ◽  
Jon-Chao Hong

Education reform is ongoing in Taiwan, the 12-year compulsory education has been implemented since 2019. The science curriculum emphasizes the importance of students' self-learning and problem-solving skills. This study applied the "Insect Garden VR Game" to understand the relationship among students' self-efficacy, cognitive load, failure attribution, and intention of continuous participation in the game. In this study, 172 4th-grade students participated. This study adopted the method of questionnaire survey, which was valid and reliable (Cronbach’s α =0.934). Path analysis of data from 160 effective responses was performed using SPSS (version 20) and structural equation modeling-AMOS (version 20). The conclusions were: 1). the game’s self-efficacy of student was significantly positively correlated with cognitive load. 2). Self-efficacy of student was significantly negatively correlated with failure attribution. 3). Cognitive load of student was significantly positively correlated with failure attribution. 4). Failure attribution of student was significantly negatively correlated with intention of continuous participation. 5). Cognitive load of student was significantly positively correlated with the intention of continuous participation. The suggestions of this study were: 1). Focus on improving the self-efficacy of students' in VR-game-based-eLearning that could enhance students to challenge the tasks in the game. 2). Many tasks can be designed in the game. Although it will increase the cognitive load of the students, it can increase the intention to continue with the participation. 3). The game operation is simple, the equipment can be used normally, the experience of failure is reduced, and the intention of continuous participation can be improved.


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