Inhibitory effects of leachate from Eupatorium adenophorum on germination and growth of Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium glaucum

Abstract Interactions between weeds and crops often occur by resource competition or allelopathy. However, it is still unknown how local weed species influence artificially introduced switchgrass. In this study, four experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) on germination and growth of switchgrass, the lowland tetraploid cultivar ‘Alamo’ (Panicum virgatum cv. Alamo). Switchgrass germination was inhibited significantly in Petri dishes, with 48.1% and 33.9% inhibition on germination rate by redroot pigweed and crabgrass root aqueous extracts at 0.1 g·mL− 1 concentration, respectively. Significant inhibitory effects on switchgrass seedling biomass were observed at 5:5 proportion with redroot pigweed and crabgrass in glass jars, with 61.6% and 53.4% inhibition on plant biomass, respectively. Under the same root segregation, redroot pigweed had a stronger inhibitory effect on switchgrass seedling growth than crabgrass. Growth of transplanted switchgrass seedlings was inhibited significantly by local weeds in the field, with 46.2% and 11.7% inhibition on shoot biomass during the first and second growing seasons, respectively. However, no significant growth reduction in switchgrass was detected in the third growing season.

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Phytotoxic Effect of Tithonia rotundifolia (Miller) S.F.Blake on Chlorophyll and Protein Contents of Vigna unguiculata L. and Zea mays L.

Journal of Biology and Life Science ◽

10.5296/jbls.v10i2.14729 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Ilori Olasupo John ◽

Olutobi Oluwafunmilayo Otusanya

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Potted Plants ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Biochemical Analyses ◽

Germination And Growth ◽

Range Test

A large number of plants impose inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of neighbouring or successional plants by releasing allelochemicals into the soil. This study investigated the phytotoxic effects of Tithonia rotundifolia (Miller) S.F.Blake on the chlorophyll and protein contents of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers and Zea mays L.. This was with a view to determining the susceptibility of these crops to allelochemicals in the extracts prepared from T. rotundifolia. Seeds of the test plants were sown in pots filled with top humus soil. At two weeks, seedlings in each pot were thinned down to 10 seedlings per pot. Potted plants of the test crops were supplied with 400 ml of the appropriate water extracts while the control potted plants were supplied with 400 ml of water. Biochemical analyses were carried out according to standard methods. The data obtained were analysed by (ANOVA) to determine significant (P< 0.05) effects. The means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and protein contents in V. unguiculata and Z. mays and were significantly inhibited by the extract from T. rotundifolia. The inhibitory effects of these allelochemicals increased with concentration. The phytotoxic effect of T. rotundifolia was species dependent. It was concluded that the extract contains water-soluble allelochemicals which inhibited the biochemical parameters of the test crops. T. rotundifolia should be controlled where it grows in association with cultivated crops.

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Phytotoxical effect of Lepidium draba L. extracts on the germination and growth of monocot (Zea mays L.) and dicot (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seeds

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233712471702 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 247-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yusuf Kaya ◽

Ozkan Aksakal ◽

Serap Sunar ◽

Filiz Aygun Erturk ◽

Sedat Bozari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Lepidium Draba ◽

Germination And Growth

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DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF Amaranthus retroflexus, A. powellii AND A. hybridus

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps84-098 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 715-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

SUSAN E. WEAVER

Keyword(s):

Competitive Ability ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

The Other ◽

Constant Density ◽

Differential Growth ◽

Amaranthus Hybridus ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Germination And Growth ◽

Amaranthus Powellii

The frequency of occurrence of Amaranthus powellii and A. hybridus relative to that of A. retroflexus in agricultural fields in southwestern Ontario is increasing. Rates of germination and growth and development of the three species were compared at 28/22 °C and 22/14 °C in the growth chamber. Amaranthus powellii exhibited a faster rate of germination and greater early growth with respect to height and leaf number than either of the other species under both temperature regimes. Amaranthus hybridus had a greater root dry weight, took 3 wk longer to reach maturity and produced more seeds than either of the other species. In the field, when sown in pure stands and mixtures at constant density but varying proportions, A. powellii showed a greater competitive ability than A. retroflexus or A. hybridus with respect to number of plants, aboveground fresh weight, and number of seeds produced per square metre.Key words: Pigweed, germination, seed production, competition

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Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Stinkwort (Dittrichia graveolens L.) on Germination and Growth of Some Weed Species

10.25135/rfac.01.2107.2151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Tamer Üstuner ◽

Kamal Almhemed ◽

Muhammad Al Sakran ◽

Menderes Üstüner

Keyword(s):

Germination Rate ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Sorghum Halepense ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Average Height ◽

Weed Species ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Cuscuta Campestris ◽

Germination And Growth

The experiment was implemented by CRD design with three replications and lasted for 40 days, from 5 October until 15 November 2020. Four extract concentrations of D. graveolens 0, 2, 6, and 10% were used. The concentration of 0% was considered as control. The allelopathic effect has been studied on five weed species; Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Sorghum halepense L., and Cuscuta campestris Yunck. The research also aimed to determine the effect of Stinkwort extract on the growth of tomato seedlings. All concentrations affected seed germination for all studied weeds. The concentration of 10% was more influential in growth-related indicators compared to other concentrations. The seeds of L. multiflorum and rhizomes of S. halepense were more tolerant to D. graveolens allelochemicals in germination rate than A. retroflexus, P. oleracea, and C. campestris. All concentrations led to a reduction in the weed heights and the wet and dry weights compared with the controls. The effect of the extract with various concentrations was catalytic for the growth of tomato seedlings, as the average height of tomato seedlings was in direct proportion to the concentration.

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Debaryomyces hansenii Strains Isolated From Danish Cheese Brines Act as Biocontrol Agents to Inhibit Germination and Growth of Contaminating Molds

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.662785 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Chuchu Huang ◽

Ling Zhang ◽

Pernille Greve Johansen ◽

Mikael Agerlin Petersen ◽

Nils Arneborg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chromosome Polymorphism ◽

Species Variation ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Native Strains ◽

Germination And Growth

The antagonistic activities of native Debaryomyces hansenii strains isolated from Danish cheese brines were evaluated against contaminating molds in the dairy industry. Determination of chromosome polymorphism by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed a huge genetic heterogeneity among the D. hansenii strains, which was reflected in intra-species variation at the phenotypic level. 11 D. hansenii strains were tested for their ability to inhibit germination and growth of contaminating molds, frequently occurring at Danish dairies, i.e., Cladosporium inversicolor, Cladosporium sinuosum, Fusarium avenaceum, Mucor racemosus, and Penicillium roqueforti. Especially the germination of C. inversicolor and P. roqueforti was significantly inhibited by cell-free supernatants of all D. hansenii strains. The underlying factors behind the inhibitory effects of the D. hansenii cell-free supernatants were investigated. Based on dynamic headspace sampling followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DHS-GC-MS), 71 volatile compounds (VOCs) produced by the D. hansenii strains were identified, including 6 acids, 22 alcohols, 15 aldehydes, 3 benzene derivatives, 8 esters, 3 heterocyclic compounds, 12 ketones, and 2 phenols. Among the 71 identified VOCs, inhibition of germination of C. inversicolor correlated strongly with three VOCs, i.e., 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-pentanone as well as acetic acid. For P. roqueforti, two VOCs correlated with inhibition of germination, i.e., acetone and 2-phenylethanol, of which the latter also correlated strongly with inhibition of mycelium growth. Low half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were especially observed for 3-methylbutanoic acid, i.e., 6.32–9.53 × 10–5 and 2.00–2.67 × 10–4 mol/L for C. inversicolor and P. roqueforti, respectively. For 2-phenylethanol, a well-known quorum sensing molecule, the IC50 was 1.99–7.49 × 10–3 and 1.73–3.45 × 10–3 mol/L for C. inversicolor and P. roqueforti, respectively. For acetic acid, the IC50 was 1.35–2.47 × 10–3 and 1.19–2.80 × 10–3 mol/L for C. inversicolor and P. roqueforti, respectively. Finally, relative weak inhibition was observed for 2-pentanone and acetone. The current study shows that native strains of D. hansenii isolated from Danish brines have antagonistic effects against specific contaminating molds and points to the development of D. hansenii strains as bioprotective cultures, targeting cheese brines and cheese surfaces.

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Autotoxic Effects of the Leachates from the Invasive Eupatorium adenophorum In Vitro and in Soil

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.172 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1073-1076 ◽

pp. 172-175

Author(s):

Xun Zhi Zhu ◽

Hong Bo Han ◽

Qiang Li

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽

Laboratory Bioassay ◽

Seedling Root ◽

Allelopathic Effects ◽

Allelopathic Compounds

Eupatorium adenophorum (croftonweed), one of the most destructive alien species in China, has been demonstrated or indicated to have inhibitory effects on other species in laboratory bioassay. However, allelopathic compounds of E. adenophorum may play other roles more than interspecific interference. Here we investigated whether E. adenophorum aqueous leachates could influence conspecific seed germination and seedling growth with laboratory bioassay and found that it could inhibit seed germination and reduce seedling root elongation of E. adenophorum. Then we examined interactions between E. adenophorum leachate and natural soil on germination and seedling growth of E. adenophorum itself. The results showed that soil from different habitats altered the allelopathic effects usually observed in laboratory bioassay. In the heavily invaded site, E. adenophorum were inhibited by E. adenophorum leachates; whereas, in two lightly invaded sites, germination and seedling growth of E. adenophorum was significantly facilitated. We can infer that allelochemicals from E. adenophorum play a dramatic role in regulating its population density.

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Temperature effects on germination and growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), Palmer amaranth (A. palmeri), and common waterhemp (A. rudis)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/p2002-127 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 869-875 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Peiguo Guo ◽

Kassim Al-Khatib

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Palmer Amaranth ◽

Root Volume ◽

Common Waterhemp ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Germination And Growth

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature on seed germination and growth of redroot pigweed, Palmer amaranth, and common waterhemp. At 15/10 C day and night temperature, respectively, no seed germination was observed in any species. Seed germination increased gradually as temperature increased. Germination peaked at 25/20 C in common waterhemp and at 35/30 C in redroot pigweed and Palmer amaranth. Seed germination of all three species declined when temperatures increased above 35/30 C. All three species produced less biomass at 15/10 C than at 25/20 C and 35/25 C. Redroot pigweed and common waterhemp biomass were similar at 15/10 C and higher than that of Palmer amaranth. However, Palmer amaranth produced more biomass than redroot pigweed and common waterhemp at 25/20 and 35/30 C. At 45/40 C, redroot pigweed, common waterhemp, and Palmer amaranth plants died 8, 9, and 25 d after initiation of heat treatment, respectively. The largest root volume among the three species was in Palmer amaranth grown at 35/30 C, whereas the smallest root volume was produced by Palmer amaranth grown at 15/10 C. Potential quantum efficiency (Fv/Fmax) of Palmer amaranth was higher than that of redroot pigweed and common waterhemp at higher temperature. The greater growth of Palmer amaranth at higher temperatures may be attributed in part to its extensive root growth and greater thermostability of its photosynthetic apparatus.

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Inhibitory Effects of Monoterpenes on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2007-3-409 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 62 (3-4) ◽

pp. 207-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Saban Kordali ◽

Ahmet Cakir ◽

Sunay Sutay

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Rumex Crispus ◽

Oxygenated Monoterpenes ◽

Monoterpene Hydrocarbons

Abstract Monoterpenes, the chemical constituents of essential oils found in plants, are known biologically active compounds. The present study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of 30 monoterpenes including monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes on seed germination and seedling growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Rumex crispus under laboratory conditions. The monoterpenes were applied at contents of 10 and 20 μl for liquid compounds and 10 and 20 μg for solid compounds. The results show that most of the monoterpenes significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of the tested plants. Oxygenated monoterpenes including β-citronellol, nerol and terpinen-4-ol completely inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of all tested plants. Their inhibitory effects were also stronger than that of the herbicide 2,4-D. In general, monoterpenes were less effective against seed germination and seedling growth of C. album as compared with R. crispus and A. retroflexus. Phytotoxic effects of monoterpene hydrocarbons were found to be lower than those of oxygenated monoterpenes. The alcohol derivatives of oxygenated monoterpenes were also found to be more phytotoxic as compared with their acetate derivatives. Based on the present results, it can be concluded that the oxygenated monoterpenes can be used as potential bio-herbicides.

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Pseudomonas and Burkholderia inhibit growth and asexual development of Phytophthora capsici

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2017-0065 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (3-4) ◽

pp. 123-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Amena Khatun ◽

Tarin Farhana ◽

Abdullah As Sabir ◽

Shah Mohammad Naimul Islam ◽

Helen M. West ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkholderia Cepacia ◽

Culture Supernatant ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Germination And Growth ◽

Cell Free Culture Supernatant

AbstractThe objective of this study was to isolate and characterize antagonistic rhizobacteria from chili against a notorious phytopathogenPhytophthora capsici. Among the 48 bacteria isolated, BTLbbc-02, BTLbbc-03, and BTLbbc-05 were selected based on their inhibitory activity againstP. capsici. They were tentatively identified asBurkholderia metallicaBTLbbc-02, Burkholderia cepaciaBTLbbc-03, andPseudomonas aeruginosaBTLbbc-05, respectively, based on their 16S rRNA gene sequencing. All inhibited the growth ofP. capsiciat varying levels by inducing characteristic morphological alterations ofP. capsicihyphae. The cell-free culture supernatant of all three isolates impaired motility (up to 100%) and caused lysis (up to 50%) of the halted zoospores. Bioassays revealed thatPseudomonassp. had higher antagonism and zoospore motility-inhibitory effects againstP. capsicicompared with two other isolates,Burkholderiaspp. andB. metallica, which caused vacuolation in mycelium. All three bacteria suppressed sporangium formation and zoosporogenesis ofP. capsici, and improved the seed germination and growth of cucumber. Our findings suggest that epiphytic bacteria,B. metallica,B. cepacia, andP. aeruginosa, could be used as potential biocontrol agents againstP. capsici. A further study is required to ensure conformity with the existing regulations for soil, plant, and human health.

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