scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Stinkwort (Dittrichia graveolens L.) on Germination and Growth of Some Weed Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tamer Üstuner ◽  
Kamal Almhemed ◽  
Muhammad Al Sakran ◽  
Menderes Üstüner
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Germination And Growth

The experiment was implemented by CRD design with three replications and lasted for 40 days, from 5 October until 15 November 2020. Four extract concentrations of D. graveolens 0, 2, 6, and 10% were used. The concentration of 0% was considered as control. The allelopathic effect has been studied on five weed species; Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Sorghum halepense L., and Cuscuta campestris Yunck. The research also aimed to determine the effect of Stinkwort extract on the growth of tomato seedlings. All concentrations affected seed germination for all studied weeds. The concentration of 10% was more influential in growth-related indicators compared to other concentrations. The seeds of L. multiflorum and rhizomes of S. halepense were more tolerant to D. graveolens allelochemicals in germination rate than A. retroflexus, P. oleracea, and C. campestris. All concentrations led to a reduction in the weed heights and the wet and dry weights compared with the controls. The effect of the extract with various concentrations was catalytic for the growth of tomato seedlings, as the average height of tomato seedlings was in direct proportion to the concentration.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Stinkwort (Dittrichia graveolens L.) on Germination and Growth of Some Weed Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Tamer Üstuner ◽  
Kamal Almhemed ◽  
Muhammad Al Sakran ◽  
Menderes Üstüner
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Germination And Growth

The experiment was implemented by CRD design with three replications and lasted for 40 days, from 5 October until 15 November 2020. Four extract concentrations of D. graveolens 0, 2, 6, and 10% were used. The concentration of 0% was considered as control. The allelopathic effect has been studied on five weed species; Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Sorghum halepense L., and Cuscuta campestris Yunck. The research also aimed to determine the effect of Stinkwort extract on the growth of tomato seedlings. All concentrations affected seed germination for all studied weeds. The concentration of 10% was more influential in growth-related indicators compared to other concentrations. The seeds of L. multiflorum and rhizomes of S. halepense were more tolerant to D. graveolens allelochemicals in germination rate than A. retroflexus, P. oleracea, and C. campestris. All concentrations led to a reduction in the weed heights and the wet and dry weights compared with the controls. The effect of the extract with various concentrations was catalytic for the growth of tomato seedlings, as the average height of tomato seedlings was in direct proportion to the concentration.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Redroot Pigweed and Crabgrass on Germination and Growth----From Lab To Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xincun Hou ◽  
Xu Hu ◽  
Yuesen Yue ◽  
Qiang Guo ◽  
Chunqiao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract Interactions between weeds and crops often occur by resource competition or allelopathy. However, it is still unknown how local weed species influence artificially introduced switchgrass. In this study, four experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) on germination and growth of switchgrass, the lowland tetraploid cultivar ‘Alamo’ (Panicum virgatum cv. Alamo). Switchgrass germination was inhibited significantly in Petri dishes, with 48.1% and 33.9% inhibition on germination rate by redroot pigweed and crabgrass root aqueous extracts at 0.1 g·mL− 1 concentration, respectively. Significant inhibitory effects on switchgrass seedling biomass were observed at 5:5 proportion with redroot pigweed and crabgrass in glass jars, with 61.6% and 53.4% inhibition on plant biomass, respectively. Under the same root segregation, redroot pigweed had a stronger inhibitory effect on switchgrass seedling growth than crabgrass. Growth of transplanted switchgrass seedlings was inhibited significantly by local weeds in the field, with 46.2% and 11.7% inhibition on shoot biomass during the first and second growing seasons, respectively. However, no significant growth reduction in switchgrass was detected in the third growing season.

scholarly journals Allelopathy of aqueous Pachyrhizus erosus L. extracts on Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Jaqueline de Araujo Barbosa ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Adriana Cologni Salvalaggio ◽  
Neumárcio Vilanova da Costa ◽  
Márcia de Moraes Echer
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pachyrhizus Erosus ◽  
Dry Biomass

ABSTRACT Allelopathy contributes to the sustainable management of weeds in growing areas, due to its ability to inhibit the development of weed species. This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Pachyrhizus erosus extract on Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa germination. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor corresponded to the plant portion (shoot and tuberous root), the second to the extract preparation method (water at room temperature and boiling) and the third to the extract concentrations (0 %, 25 %, 50 % and 100 %). Phytochemical analyses were performed to identify the presence of secondary metabolites. The variables germination percentage, germination rate index and dry biomass decreased with increasing aqueous extract concentrations for both E. heterophylla and B. pilosa. When applied a P. erosus crude shoot extract (boiling), decreases of 18 % and 92 % were observed in the E. heterophylla and B. pilosa germination, respectively, with a decrease of 91 % in the dry biomass of E. heterophylla seedlings. The tuberous root extract (boiling), on the other hand, reduced the germination percentages for E. heterophylla and B. pilosa in 18 % and 80 %, respectively. The phytochemical evaluation indicated the presence of flavonoids, coumarins and saponins in the shoot and tuberous root extracts, while tannins were only observed in the shoot extract. Thus, it can be concluded that P. erosus extracts display an allelopathic effect on the weed species evaluated.

Allelopathic potential of Artemisia herba-alba and Anthemis arvensis to control Weeds in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Nadi Awwad Al Harbi
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Anthemis Arvensis ◽  
Germination And Growth

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potentials for utilization of Artemisia herba-alba and Anthemis arvensis shoot aqueous extract at different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) to suppress the germination and growth of Panicum turgidum and Portulaca oleracea (weeds of crop fields) in Petri dish experiment. Results indicated that the degree of inhibition on seed germination and growth of the recipient species was largely dependent on the concentration of A. herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract. The aqueous extract of A.herba-alba showed the highest allelopathic effect on the germination of the seeds of P. turgidum, (10%,10% and 0%) while the effect of A. arvensis shoot aqueous extract was greater on the germination of the seeds P. oleracea (40%,0% and 0%). Percentage germination of the two selected crop species Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare also de-creased as the A.herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract concentra-tion increased from 1% to 5% (90%,80% and 70%),(40%,40% and 20%). But the inhibition percentage was largely less than that of weed species. The results also showed that H.vulgare was more sensitive than T. aestivum and responds more strongly to the increase of concentration of A. herba-alba shoot aqueous extract . Results also showed that the radicle length of almost all tested species was more sensitive to allelochemicals from A.herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract than plumule length. Therefore, A. herba-alba and A. arvensis shoot aqueous extract may offer promises for their usefulness as a tool for weed management.

Glyphosate and Paraquat Effects on Weed Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Egley ◽  
R. D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Weed Emergence

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] (30, 125, 250 mg/L) in petri dishes had no effect on germination of prickly sida(Sida spinosaL.), velvetleaf(Abutilon theophrastiMedic), barnyardgrass [Echinocloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.] and johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] seeds, but additional experimentation indicated that glyphosate stimulated germination of redroot pigweed(Amaranthus retroflexusL.) seeds. Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) (30, 125, 250 mg/L) did not affect germination of the three broadleaf species, but inhibited johnsongrass and barnyardgrass germination. In the greenhouse, soil surface applications of glyphosate (1.1, 2.2, 9.0 kg/ha) did not significantly affect emergence of these five weed species when they were on or beneath the soil surface at time of treatment. Paraquat (same rates) did not affect broadleaf weed emergence but some rates inhibited grass weed emergence when the seeds were treated while on the soil surface. It is unlikely that normal field use rates of glyphosate will influence weed emergence; whereas paraquat may inhibit the emergence of some grass weeds if the herbicide contacts seeds on the soil surface.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF EXTRACT Cannabis sativa L. ON LIPID PEROXIDATION ACTIVITY Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-643
Author(s):  
Bojan Konstantinović ◽  
Jovana Šućur ◽  
Mirjana Kojić ◽  
Nataša Samardžić ◽  
Senka Vidović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Variant

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. belongs to highly invasive weed species. In mid-1900s, the cultivation of this species as a forage crop led to its invasiveness (Peerzada et al., 2017). Yield losses it causes are up to 57-88% on very important agricultural and horticultural crops (Peerzada et al., 2017). It is highly tolerant to herbicides and rapid vegetative growth makes it difficult to control. Finding new methods that will help combat invasive species with less environmental impact is gaining importance. Allelopathy is very important for finding new compounds that can be used to combat invasive weeds (Arora et al., 2015). Allelochemicals are very important in relationship between plants and their environment (Cespedes et al., 2014). McPartland (1997) points to repellent and pesticidal properties of Cannabis sativa L.The aim of this study is to investigate allelopathic effect of C. sativa L. extract on lipid peroxidation activity in leaves of treated plants of S. halepense (L.) Pers.Extract obtained by the classical extraction process was applied at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25% and 10%, while the control variant was not treated. Plants of S. halepense L. (Pers.) were in the initial stages of growth when extract was applied. Experiment was performed under field conditions. Plants respond to adverse environmental effects by changes in biochemical processes (Sunmonu & Van Staden, 2014). Sampling of treated plants was performed after 6h and 24h. Biochemical analyzes of fresh leaves of S. halepense (L.) Pers. lipid peroxidation activity was determined.C. sativa L. extract caused changes in the lipid peroxidation activity of S. halepense (L.) Pers. Increased activity was only in variant of application of the highest concentration of extract with a statistically significant difference in both sampling moments. Value of monitored activity in control variant was 73.18 nmol MDA / g SBM while in variant with 100% application of the extract it was 99.36 nmol MDA / g SBM after 6h. After 24 h, a value of 100% extract of 80.02 nmol MDA / g SBM was obtained, as opposed to control with a lipid peroxidation value of 68.27 nmol MDA / g SBM. Other variants of application did not show statistically significant differences with respect to control after 6 h from moment of treatment. Less pronounced differences in obtained values were observed in variants with 50%, 25% and 10% compared to control after 24 h.An increase in lipid peroxidation activity in variants using 100% C. sativa L. extract is a response to plant exposure to stress, thus proving an allelopathic effect on treated plants.

scholarly journals Bio-Herbicidal Potential of the Essential Oils from Different Rosmarinus officinalis L. Chemotypes in Laboratory Assays

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Jihane El Mahdi ◽  
Waed Tarraf ◽  
Claudia Ruta ◽  
Lea Piscitelli ◽  
Adel Aly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Monoterpene Composition

The current study aimed to assess the allelopathic effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oils (EOs) to define the potent effect against weed species, by exploring distinct chemotypes and their main compounds. The EOs from eight accessions were characterized. Their components were identified by gas chromatography, and four chemotypes were defined; C1 (α-pinene), C2 (camphor), C3 (α-pinene/1,8-cineole), and C4 (α-pinene/1,8-cineole/camphor). Four concentrations of the EOs (400, 800, 1200, and 2400 μL/L) and the main compounds of each chemotype were tested in a laboratory assay against Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Lolium perenne L. in pre- and post-germination. The results showed that the EOs significantly affected all the tested parameters (germination, early growth, and physiological and histological parameters of the weeds under study) in a dose, chemotype, and species dependent manner. A. retroflexus was more sensitive than L. perenne at germination level being significantly inhibited at the lowest dose of all the chemotypes. The latter all exhibited significant effects but with a higher potency of C2 (camphor chemotype) and C3 (α-pinene/1,8-cineole chemotype), as well qualitative differences in the induced damage. Our results thus increase knowledge about the role of the monoterpene composition in bio-herbicidal effect, which can help in the development of EO based bio-herbicides.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Jasminum Officinale on Weed Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Steliana RODINO ◽  
Marian BUTU ◽  
Alina BUTU
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Radicle Elongation

Allelopathy is generally defined as any direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effect of one plant on another mediated by the production allelochemicals. The scope of this study was the evaluation of the potential allelopathic effect of Jasminum officinale against some weed species.  The effects of extracts obtained from root, stem and leaves of J. officinale, were evaluated against ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and Johnsonn grass (Sorghum halepense). The aqueous leachates of jasmine demonstrated promising allelopathic potential by inhibiting seed germination and radicle elongation of all tested species. The more profound research in the field of allelopathy will eventually lead to the development of bioproducts designed for pest or weed control using allelochemicals.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Extracts from Weed Species on Germination and Initial Growth in Raphanus sativus L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-470
Author(s):  
Anisoara STRATU ◽  
Zenovia OLTEANU ◽  
Andrei LOBIUC
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Test Species

The current paper presents the results of a study on the effects of aqueous extracts from five weed species (Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Echinochloa crus-galii, Setaria verticillata) on germination and initial growth in Raphanus sativus L. The following indicators have been analyzed: indices of germination (the germination percentage; the speed of germination; the speed of accumulated germination and the coefficient of germination rate), the length of the root and hypocotyls, the pH of aqueous extracts, the UV-Vis absorption spectra of aqueous extracts. The results of the investigations showed the following aspects: the aqueous extracts reduced the values of calculated germination indices and root growth in the first ontogenetic stages of the test species; the pH of the extracts was slightly acid to neutral. Qualitative spectrophotometric analysis indicated the possible presence of phenolic and organic compounds in the extracts. C. arvense, S. verticillata and E. crus-galii presented the most pronounced effect on germination and growth processes.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of some Crops Residues on Germination and Growth of Four Weed Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Wasan H. Salih ◽  
Janan A. Saeed ◽  
Amer M. Al-Mathedy
Keyword(s):  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Germination And Growth
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