The associations of the gut microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acid concentrations with body fat distribution in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhuan Wei ◽  
Jingjing Liang ◽  
Yixiang Su ◽  
Jue Wang ◽  
William Kwame Amakye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbiome Composition

scholarly journals A230 ISOMALTODEXTRIN DOSE-DEPENDENTLY REDUCES COLITIS DEVELOPMENT IN HLA-B27 RAT COLITIS MODEL WITH ASSOCIATED CHANGES TO GUT MICROBIOME COMPOSITION AND SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
N Premraj ◽  
R Valcheva ◽  
L A Dieleman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Colitis Model

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by altered intestinal microbiome (i.e. dysbiosis), described by reduced strict butyrate-producing anaerobes versus increased facultative anaerobes. Data from preclinical studies and clinical trials show prebiotic inulin-type fibers can prevent and reduce colitis. However, other dietary fibers (e.g. resistant starches, RS) are understudied and it is unknown if RS-induced microbial shifts are protective in experimental colitis. Aims Assess efficacy of isomaltodextrin (IMD), a novel RS, to reduce intestinal inflammation in HLA-B27 transgenic (TG) rat colitis model and identify protective mechanisms associated with gut microbial composition and function. Methods 4 week old HLA-B27 TG rats were fed standard chow supplemented with: 7.5% IMD (low dose, LD), 15% IMD (high dose, HD), negative control (15% cellulose, NC), or positive control (15% fructooligosaccharides, PC) for 12 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured. Cecal and colonic inflammation assessed by weight/length ratio, macroscopic scoring and mucosal IL-1β secretion. Changes in microbial energy metabolism evaluated by measuring short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in stool and cecal contents. Endpoint fecal and cecal microbiota composition differences assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq platform). Results IMD showed dose-dependent effect on cecal inflammation, measured by macroscopic tissue scoring, weight/length ratio and IL-1β secretion. HD rats had significantly lower cecum IL-1β concentration compared to NC (q=0.01), while LD showed only a trend (q=0.09). HD had significantly higher cecal amounts of Bacteroidaceae and Allobaculum spp. and lower amounts of Peptostreptococcaceae, Eubacterium and Barnesiella spp. versus the LD and NC. HD was associated with significantly higher total SCFA compared to NC (q<0.01) and showed a trend of higher total SCFA than LD (q=0.06). Analysis of SCFAs revealed propionate, isobutyrate and valerate ratios were significantly lower in HD than LD and NC. HD showed a trend of higher ratio of butyrate + acetate compared to NC. This suggests increased carbohydrate fermentation by acetate-producing and -converting microbial groups. Correlation analysis confirmed IL-1β concentrations were positively associated with isobutyrate (r=0.52, q<0.01), valerate (r=0.54, q<0.01), and propionate (r=0.48, q<0.01), suggesting their use as chronic inflammation markers in HLA-B27 models. Conclusions IMD was dose-dependently effective in reducing chronic cecal inflammation in experimental colitis. Benefits were associated with specific shifts in gut microbiome composition and SCFA production. Results from this preclinical study warrant future microbiota-altering intervention trials using IMD in clinical IBD. Funding Agencies Hayashibara Co., Ltd.

scholarly journals Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations Increase in Newly Paired Male Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Zhu ◽  
Mallory J. Suhr Van Haute ◽  
Haley R. Hassenstab ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Devin J. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The role by which the gut microbiome influences host health (e.g., energy equilibrium and immune system) may be partly mediated by short-chain fatty acids, which are bacterial fermentation products from the dietary fibers. However, little is known about longitudinal changes in gut microbiome metabolites during cohabitation alongside social contact. In common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), the gut microbiome community is influenced by social contact, as newly paired males and females develop convergent microbial profiles. Here, we monitored the dynamics of short-chain fatty acid concentrations in common marmoset feces from the prepairing (PRE) to postpairing (POST) stages. In males, we observed that the concentrations of acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate significantly increased in the POST stage compared to the PRE stage. However, no significant changes were found in females. We further found that the propionate concentration was significantly positively correlated with the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium in the male feces. Thus, the sex difference in the changes in the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids might be related to sex-biased gut microbiome transmission after pairing. We suggest that the significant changes in the gut microbiomes and some short-chain fatty acids of the common marmoset during cohabitation may contribute to physiological homeostasis during pairing. IMPORTANCE This study addressed a knowledge gap about longitudinal changes in the gut microbiome metabolites during animal pairing. This research in the laboratory common marmoset can control for the confounding factors such as diet and other environmental conditions. Phascolarctobacterium showed the highest contribution to the sex-biased transmission of the female to the male after pairing. Here, we observed the sex difference in the increase in short-chain fatty acid concentration in the feces of newly paired marmosets, which may be caused by the sex-biased gut microbiome transmission after pairing.

scholarly journals Analysis of the gut microbiome and plasma short-chain fatty acid profiles in a spontaneous mouse model of metabolic syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuchika Nishitsuji ◽  
Jinzhong Xiao ◽  
Ryosuke Nagatomo ◽  
Hitomi Umemoto ◽  
Yuki Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles

Sleep and the Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: Clinical Implications for Disease Progression and the Development of Cardiometabolic Comorbidities

2020 ◽  
pp. 247553032096478
Author(s):  
Bridget Myers ◽  
Vidhatha Reddy ◽  
Nicholas Brownstone ◽  
Stephanie Chan ◽  
Quinn Thibodeaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Sleep Dysfunction ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria

Background: Sleep dysfunction and sleep disorders are important comorbidities of psoriasis. Not only do these sleep comorbidities contribute to reduced quality of life, but they may also lead to worsening psoriasis and increased susceptibility to cardiometabolic diseases. While psoriasis and sleep dysfunction are thought to be linked by itch, depression, and immune system dysregulation, the relationship between psoriasis and sleep dysfunction is not yet fully understood. Objective: We sought to compare previous studies characterizing the gut microbiome in psoriasis and sleep dysfunction and examine the potential relevance of shared findings on cardiometabolic and overall health. Methods: We performed literature searches of PubMed and Embase databases to find studies evaluating the gut microbiome in psoriasis, sleep dysfunction, and cardiometabolic diseases. Results: Studies characterizing the gut microbiome in psoriasis and sleep dysfunction reveal shared findings, specifically an increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and reduced abundance of short-chain fatty acid–producing bacteria. These dysbiotic features have also been shown to promote systemic inflammation and cardiometabolic disease. Conclusion: In favoring an increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and reduced abundance of short-chain fatty acid–producing bacteria, sleep dysfunction could be contributing to worsening psoriasis and cardiometabolic comorbidities through intestinal dysbiosis. Future studies are needed to determine whether gut- and sleep-targeting interventions could be therapeutic in patients with psoriasis having poor sleep.

Fr566 ALTERATIONS IN GUT MICROBIOME IN ADULTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS ASSOCIATE WITH PRESENCE OF COLON ADENOMAS AND SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID LEVELS

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. S-365-S-366
Author(s):  
Brittany L. Baldwin-Hunter ◽  
Felix D. Rozenberg ◽  
Medini J. Annavajhala ◽  
Heekuk Park ◽  
Emily Dimango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Colon Adenomas

scholarly journals Diet Potentially Drives the Differentiation of Eating Behaviours via Alterations to the Gut Microbiome in Infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Yan ◽  
Helen Zhao ◽  
Navika Nayar ◽  
Kyung E. Rhee ◽  
Julie C. Lumeng
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

ABSTRACTCertain infant eating behaviours are associated with adverse health outcomes such as obesity. While a diet consisting of infant formula has been linked to higher-risk eating behaviours and changes in the gut microbiome, little is known about what role the gut microbiome plays in mediating eating behaviours. Using 16S rRNA sequences extracted from 96 fecal samples collected from 58 infants, we identified a subset of bacterial taxa that were more abundant in formula-fed infants, primarily composed of the phylum Firmicutes. The presence of these taxa correlated with a lower drive to eat (i.e., lower food responsiveness). Furthermore, short-chain fatty acid production pathways were significantly more abundant in formula-fed infants, negatively correlated with food responsiveness, and positively associated with relative abundance of the Firmicutes subset. Our results suggest that higher abundances of Firmicutes in formula-fed infants may decrease their food responsiveness through short-chain fatty acid production in the first four months of life. Taken together, these findings suggest a potential role for the infant’s diet in impacting eating behaviour via changes to the gut microbiome, which may lead to the development of novel interventions for the prevention of childhood obesity.

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