scholarly journals Cognitive enhancing effects of voluntary exercise, caloric restriction and environmental enrichment: a role for adult hippocampal neurogenesis and pattern separation?

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianne A Kent ◽  
Charlotte A Oomen ◽  
Pedro Bekinschtein ◽  
Timothy J Bussey ◽  
Lisa M Saksida
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Voluntary Exercise

scholarly journals The Role of Dietary Polyphenols on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Behavioural Effects on Depression and Anxiety

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Pereira Dias ◽  
Nicole Cavegn ◽  
Alina Nix ◽  
Mário Cesar do Nascimento Bevilaqua ◽  
Doris Stangl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Positive Effects

Although it has been long believed that new neurons were only generated during development, there is now growing evidence indicating that at least two regions in the brain are capable of continuously generating functional neurons: the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a widely observed phenomenon verified in different adult mammalian species including humans. Factors such as environmental enrichment, voluntary exercise, and diet have been linked to increased levels of AHN. Conversely, aging, stress, anxiety and depression have been suggested to hinder it. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear and yet to be determined. In this paper, we discuss some recent findings addressing the effects of different dietary polyphenols on hippocampal cell proliferation and differentiation, models of anxiety, and depression as well as some proposed molecular mechanisms underlying those effects with particular focus on those related to AHN. As a whole, dietary polyphenols seem to exert positive effects on anxiety and depression, possibly in part via regulation of AHN. Studies on the effects of dietary polyphenols on behaviour and AHN may play an important role in the approach to use diet as part of the therapeutic interventions for mental-health-related conditions.

scholarly journals The orexigenic hormone acyl-ghrelin increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis and enhances pattern separation

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianne A. Kent ◽  
Amy L. Beynon ◽  
Amanda K.E. Hornsby ◽  
Pedro Bekinschtein ◽  
Timothy J. Bussey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin

scholarly journals Early-life midazolam exposure persistently changes chromatin accessibility to impair adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (38) ◽  
pp. e2107596118
Author(s):  
Hiroyoshi Doi ◽  
Taito Matsuda ◽  
Atsuhiko Sakai ◽  
Shuzo Matsubara ◽  
Sumio Hoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Pediatric Anesthesia ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Mouse Hippocampus

Linkage between early-life exposure to anesthesia and subsequent learning disabilities is of great concern to children and their families. Here we show that early-life exposure to midazolam (MDZ), a widely used drug in pediatric anesthesia, persistently alters chromatin accessibility and the expression of quiescence-associated genes in neural stem cells (NSCs) in the mouse hippocampus. The alterations led to a sustained restriction of NSC proliferation toward adulthood, resulting in a reduction of neurogenesis that was associated with the impairment of hippocampal-dependent memory functions. Moreover, we found that voluntary exercise restored hippocampal neurogenesis, normalized the MDZ-perturbed transcriptome, and ameliorated cognitive ability in MDZ-exposed mice. Our findings thus explain how pediatric anesthesia provokes long-term adverse effects on brain function and provide a possible therapeutic strategy for countering them.

scholarly journals Selective increases in inter-individual variability in response to environmental enrichment in female mice

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia C Körholz ◽  
Sara Zocher ◽  
Anna N Grzyb ◽  
Benjamin Morisse ◽  
Alexandra Poetzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Suitable Animal Model ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior

One manifestation of individualization is a progressively differential response of individuals to the non-shared components of the same environment. Individualization has practical implications in the clinical setting, where subtle differences between patients are often decisive for the success of an intervention, yet there has been no suitable animal model to study its underlying biological mechanisms. Here we show that enriched environment (ENR) can serve as a model of brain individualization. We kept 40 isogenic female C57BL/6JRj mice for 3 months in ENR and compared these mice to an equally sized group of standard-housed control animals, looking at the effects on a wide range of phenotypes in terms of both means and variances. Although ENR influenced multiple parameters and restructured correlation patterns between them, it only increased differences among individuals in traits related to brain and behavior (adult hippocampal neurogenesis, motor cortex thickness, open field and object exploration), in agreement with the hypothesis of a specific activity-dependent development of brain individuality.

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