Advances, Opportunities and Challenges of Hydrogen and Oxygen Production from Seawater Electrolysis: An Electrocatalysis Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 100879
Author(s):  
Elnaz Asghari ◽  
Muhammad Imran Abdullah ◽  
Faranak Foroughi ◽  
Jacob J. Lamb ◽  
Bruno G. Pollet
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Seawater Electrolysis

scholarly journals Effects of Antimony and Tin Additions in the Intermediate Ir1-x-y SnxSbyO2+0.5y Layer of Mn–Mo–Sn–O Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Production from Seawater Electrolysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Jagadeesh Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Intermediate Layer ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Oxide Formation ◽  
Intermediate Layers ◽  
High Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Seawater Electrolysis

The oxygen production anode for seawater electrolysis is composed of two layers on the titanium substrate. The outermost layer is electrocatalysts of ?-MnO2 type Mn1-x-yMoxSnyO2+x triple oxides and the intermediate layer preventing insulating oxide formation on the titanium substrate is generally IrO2. Due to limited amount of iridium, alternative materials to the intermediate IrO2 having sufficient durability and conductivity at high potentials for anodic polarization are required. In this context, decrease in the amount of IrO2 by substitution with SnO2 and increase in the electronic conductivity of the intermediate layer by Sb2O5 addition is performed in this works. The additions of SnO2 with Sb2O5 to the intermediate layer of the Mn-Mo-Sn-O/Ir1–x–ySnxSbyO2+0.5y/Ti anodes was effective to decrease the use of IrO2, maintaining the high electronic conductivity of the intermediate Ir1–x–ySnxSbyO2+0.5y layer and the high activity of oxygen evolution in seawater electrolysis at pH 1 for about 1550 h. The oxygen evolution efficiency of the nanocrystalline ?-MnO2 type Mn-Mo-Sn-O/Ir1–x–ySnxSbyO2+0.5y/Ti anodes with 0.208 M Ir4+, 0.208-0.416 M Sn4+ and 0.104 M Sb5+ in the intermediate layers was about 98.5 % during electrolysis for about 1550 hours without any degradation in 0.5 M NaCl solution of pH 1 at 25°C.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6664 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 78-85 

Phanerozoic Oxygen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Eugene Canfield
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Level Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geologic Processes

This chapter discusses the modeling of the history of atmospheric oxygen. The most recently deposited sediments will also be the most prone to weathering through processes like sea-level change or uplift of the land. Thus, through rapid recycling, high rates of oxygen production through the burial of organic-rich sediments will quickly lead to high rates of oxygen consumption through the exposure of these organic-rich sediments to weathering. From a modeling perspective, rapid recycling helps to dampen oxygen changes. This is important because the fluxes of oxygen through the atmosphere during organic carbon and pyrite burial, and by weathering, are huge compared to the relatively small amounts of oxygen in the atmosphere. Thus, all of the oxygen in the present atmosphere is cycled through geologic processes of oxygen liberation (organic carbon and pyrite burial) and consumption (weathering) on a time scale of about 2 to 3 million years.

Recent developments of the Carbotek process for lunar oxygen production

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN KNUDSEN ◽  
MICHAEL GIBSON ◽  
DAVID BRUENEMAN ◽  
SEISHI SUZUKI ◽  
TETSUJI YOSHIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Recent Developments

Improved Oxygen Dissolution Control for Oxygen Activated Sludge

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Clifft ◽  
M. T. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Oxygen Dissolution ◽  
The City

Now that oxygen production facilities can be controlled to match the requirements of the dissolution system, improved oxygen dissolution control can result in significant cost savings for oxygen activated sludge plants. This paper examines the potential cost savings of the vacuum exhaust control (VEC) strategy for the City of Houston, Texas 69th Street Treatment Complex. The VEC strategy involves operating a closed-tank reactor slightly below atmospheric pressure and using an exhaust apparatus to remove gas from the last stage of the reactor. Computer simulations for one carbonaceous reactor at the 69th Street Complex are presented for the VEC and conventional control strategies. At 80% of design loading the VEC strategy was found to provide an oxygen utilization efficiency of 94.9% as compared to 77.0% for the conventional control method. At design capacity the oxygen utilization efficiency for VEC and conventional control was found to be 92.3% and 79.5%, respectively. Based on the expected turn-down capability of Houston's oxygen production faciilities, the simulations indicate that the VEC strategy will more than double the possible cost savings of the conventional control method.

High-performance anion exchange membrane alkaline seawater electrolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo Sei Park ◽  
Jooyoung Lee ◽  
Myeong-Je Jang ◽  
Juchan Yang ◽  
Jae Hoon Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Seawater Electrolysis

Seawater electrolysis is a promising technology for the production of hydrogen energy and seawater desalination. To produce hydrogen energy through seawater electrolysis, highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction...

scholarly journals Functionalization of Photosensitized Silica Nanoparticles for Advanced Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6618
Author(s):  
Ruth Prieto-Montero ◽  
Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda ◽  
Alberto Katsumiti ◽  
Miren P. Cajaraville ◽  
Antonia R. Agarrabeitia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy Of Cancer ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Fluorescence Efficiency ◽  
Covalently Linked

BODIPY dyes have recently attracted attention as potential photosensitizers. In this work, commercial and novel photosensitizers (PSs) based on BODIPY chromophores (haloBODIPYs and orthogonal dimers strategically designed with intense bands in the blue, green or red region of the visible spectra and high singlet oxygen production) were covalently linked to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) further functionalized with PEG and folic acid (FA). MSNs approximately 50 nm in size with different functional groups were synthesized to allow multiple alternatives of PS-PEG-FA decoration of their external surface. Different combinations varying the type of PS (commercial Rose Bengal, Thionine and Chlorine e6 or custom-made BODIPY-based), the linkage design, and the length of PEG are detailed. All the nanosystems were physicochemically characterized (morphology, diameter, size distribution and PS loaded amount) and photophysically studied (absorption capacity, fluorescence efficiency, and singlet oxygen production) in suspension. For the most promising PS-PEG-FA silica nanoplatforms, the biocompatibility in dark conditions and the phototoxicity under suitable irradiation wavelengths (blue, green, or red) at regulated light doses (10–15 J/cm2) were compared with PSs free in solution in HeLa cells in vitro.

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