scholarly journals The influences of moisture content variation, number and width of gaps on the withdrawal resistance of self tapping screws inserted in cross laminated timber

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 1205-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Silva ◽  
Jorge M. Branco ◽  
Andreas Ringhofer ◽  
Paulo B. Lourenço ◽  
Gerhard Schickhofer
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Content Variation

Examination of moisture content variation within an operational wet deck

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE SCHIMLECK ◽  
KIM LOVE-MYERS ◽  
JOE SANDERS ◽  
HEATH RAYBON ◽  
RICHARD DANIELS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
International Paper ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Moisture Variation

Many forest products companies in the southeastern United States store large volumes of roundwood under wet storage. Log quality depends on maintaining a high and constant wood moisture content; however, limited knowledge exists regarding moisture variation within individual logs, and within wet decks as a whole, making it impossible to recommend appropriate water application strategies. To better understand moisture variation within a wet deck, time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to monitor the moisture variation of 30 southern pine logs over an 11-week period for a wet deck at the International Paper McBean woodyard. Three 125 mm long TDR probes were inserted into each log (before the deck was built) at 3, 4.5, and 7.5 m from the butt. The position of each log within the stack was also recorded. Mixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine moisture variation over the study period. Moisture content varied within the log, while position within the stack was generally not significant. The performance of the TDR probes was consistent throughout the study, indicating that they would be suitable for long term (e.g., 12 months) monitoring.

Influence of interior layer properties to moisture dry-out of CLT walls

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1001-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Villu Kukk ◽  
Annegrete Külaots ◽  
Jaan Kers ◽  
Targo Kalamees
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Interior Layer ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Dry Out

The objective of this study was to determine the maximum allowable initial moisture content (MC) for cross-laminated timber (CLT) walls having both exterior and interior thermal insulation. A laboratory test was conducted, for which four test walls with two different insulation solutions and two different MCs were built. Based on the test results, a simulation model was configured and simulations using the model were completed. The simulation results determined that the maximum allowable initial MC of the CLT panels was 17% for walls insulated additionally from inside with mineral wool and 15% for CLT wall assemblies insulated with polyisocyanurate (PIR). Based on these results, it was concluded that the allowable MC ranges between 8% and 16% for construction timber, and therefore, using a PIR board as interior insulation for CLT walls should be undertaken with caution given the very small margin for error in MC.

Sampling Intensity for Estimating Fuel Moisture Content in Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce Trees

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Titus ◽  
PM Woodard ◽  
AF Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Live Biomass ◽  
Fuel Moisture Content

The moisture content of live and dead foliage and roundwood on 30 lodgepole pine and 27 white spruce trees was determinedduring the summer of 1987. Sample trees were selectedrandomly throughout Alberta, Canada, without regard for weather. Five sub-samples were taken for each of the five roundwood diameter size classes (< 0.5cm,0.5 - 1 cm, 1.0- .0cm,3.0- 5.0cm, 5.0-7.0cm and 7.0-10.0 cm). Moisture content of live biomass was quite similar between species for the same fuel size class, regardless of when sampling occurred. Moisture content variation within trees was about half of the variation between trees for the same fuel size class. The coefficient of variation in moisture was much less for live material (generally < 0.3) than for dead biomass (always > 0.6). Average fuel moisture content for populations of lodgepole pine and white spruce trees may be estimated to within + 10% at the 68% probability level by sampling less than 20 trees and with only 3 fuel sub-samples per tree.

MOISTURE CONTENT VARIATION AND GRAIN QUALITY OF CORN DRIED IN DIFFERENT HIGH-TEMPERATURE DRYERS

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Montross ◽  
F. W. Bakker-Arkema ◽  
R. E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Content Variation

X-Lam Panels in Swimming-Pool Building – Monitoring the Environment and the Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Jorge ◽  
Alfredo M.P.G. Dias
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Service Class ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Building Monitoring ◽  
Moisture Variation ◽  
High Level

The cross-laminated timber panels (X-Lam panels) are produced for structural use in Service Classes 1 and 2 conditions, in accordance with what is established on Eurocode 5 [. Timber boards are glued together on orthogonal layers, allowing the panel to perform two important characteristics: good dimensional stability and loading in two-way directions. The influence of wood moisture content on the feasibility of cross-laminated timber is described in this paper regarding the dimensional stability of the panels when applied in high moisture locations. Several European Technical Approvals, state the low importance of the dimensional variations with moisture content of this type of panel, but some reference values can be found in other technical documents. The French Avis Technique [[[1 reference the value of 0.01mm/m for in-plane deformation (per percentage of timber moisture variation) and the TRADA Wood Information Sheet, WIS 2/3-62 [1, refers the maximum value of 0.02mm/m for the same conditions.The use of the X-Lam panels in Service Class 3 can not be used, concerning the high level of stressing in glue lines, and no producer has yet certified it for this Service Class. Moreover, the French Avis Technique doesnt allow the use of X-Lam panels in swimming-pools due to high hygrometry, even for conditions corresponding to Service Class 2.Cross laminated timber panels are widely used across Europe but are giving the first steps in Portugal at the moment. The first big project was finished in spring 2012 in Almada, comprising a building integrating a 25 meter in-door swimming-pool and a gym. In order to assess the behavior of the timber structure, due to the non-conventional using of the X-Lam panels, a monitoring program was started immediately after building construction. The results obtained are presented and discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Risk of Moisture in Diffusionally Open Roofs with Cross-Laminated Timber for Northern Coastal Climates

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sadłowska-Sałęga ◽  
Krzysztof Wąs
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Critical Moisture Content ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Critical Moisture

The paper is an attempt to answer the question whether the material-optimized roof construction using cross-laminated timber (CLT) is safe in terms of moisture content in the demanding northern costal climates. The proposed roof structure meets the strength requirements. The partition is diffusionally open, which facilitates moisture transport. However, there is a concern whether the applied layer system allows maintaining a safe level of moisture content below critical moisture content (CMC), which has been set at 20%. The article presents the annual hygrothermal calculation of the proposed roof slope for four locations of northern Europe and Greenland characterized by costal or subpolar climate. Four scenarios of indoor air relative humidity were considered: free floating, RHmin = 40%RH, RHmin = 50%, RHmin = 60%. In all cases, the minimum indoor temperature was 20 °C. The analysis was carried out using WUFI®Plus software. The calculation results showed that the moisture content did not exceed 20% in the CLT layer at any of the described locations. However, for the two coldest climates the assumed level of safety has been exceeded in the roof oriented strand board (OSB) sheathing.

Moisture Content Variation in Freshly Harvested Rice Associated with Kernel Thickness

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Wadsworth ◽  
J. Matthews ◽  
J. J. Spadaro
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Content Variation
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