The role of impulsivity in pediatric obesity and weight status: A meta-analytic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Thamotharan ◽  
Krista Lange ◽  
Emily L. Zale ◽  
Lindsay Huffhines ◽  
Sherecce Fields
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Obesity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Analytic Review

scholarly journals Awareness and knowledge about weight status and management: results from the 1 d sensitization campaign ‘Obesity Day’ in northern Italy

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1813-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Barichella ◽  
Alexis E Malavazos ◽  
Giuseppe Fatati ◽  
Emanuele Cereda
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the awareness and knowledge about weight status and its management.DesignA 1 d cross-sectional survey. Basic anthropometric assessments (weight, height, BMI and waist circumference) and a self-administered questionnaire were considered.SettingNineteen Clinical Nutrition or Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders Units or Dietetics Services in the Italian region of Lombardy.SubjectsAll adults attending the ‘Obesity Day’ initiative.ResultsA total of 914 participants (605 female and 309 male) were recruited. Although most of the participants (83·5 %) considered obesity to be a disease, 38·5 % were likely to misperceive their weight status. In particular, 38·8 % of normal-weight adults believed themselves to be overweight, whereas 71·1 % and 37·5 % of classes I and II/III obese adults classified themselves as being overweight and mildly obese, respectively. However, most of the overweight (90·2 %), mildly (96·8 %) and moderately/severely obese adults (99·1 %) recognized the need to lose weight. In all, 37·8 % of the sample underestimated the role of physical activity in weight management. Interestingly, only 17·2 % of dieters (previous or current) declared being advised by their doctor to lose weight. Multivariate models revealed that higher age, low education and higher BMI were important determinants of poor weight control and management. In addition, previous dieting appeared not to provide better knowledge, whereas the role of physical activity was recognized mainly by those practising it.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that in Italy knowledge about weight management should be improved not only in the general population but also among health-care professionals. To confirm this finding, there is now the rationale for a nationally representative survey. New educational programmes can be designed on the basis of the information collected.

scholarly journals The Role of Motivation in Family-Based Guided Self-Help Treatment for Pediatric Obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Accurso ◽  
Gregory J. Norman ◽  
Scott J. Crow ◽  
Cheryl L. Rock ◽  
Kerri N. Boutelle
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Obesity ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Family Based

scholarly journals Re-Paying Attention to Visitor Behavior: A Re-Analysis using Meta-Analytic Techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yone Castro ◽  
Juan Botella ◽  
Mikel Asensio
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Visitor Studies ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Museum Visitors ◽  
Visitor Behavior ◽  
Display Element ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
New Research

AbstractThe present study describes a meta-analytic review of museum visitors’ behavior. Although there is a large number of visitor studies available, their cumulative importance has not been determined due to the lack of rigorous methods to determine common causes of visitors’ behaviors. We analyzed Serrell’s (1998) database of 110 studies, defining a number of variables that measure visitors’ behaviors in exhibition spaces which exceeded the most typical and obvious ones. We defined four indexes of effect size and obtained their combined estimates: average time per feature [ATF● = 0.43 (0.49; 0.37)], percentage of diligent visitors [dv● = 30% (0.39; 0.23)], inverse of velocity [Iv● = 4.07 min/100m2 (4.55; 3.59)], and stops per feature [SF● = 0.35 (0.38; 0.33)], and we analyzed the role of relevant moderating variables. Key findings indicate, for example, that the visiting time for each display element relates to the size of the exhibition and its newness, and visitor walking speed is higher in large exhibit areas. The indexes obtained in this study can be understood as references to be used for comparison with new evaluations. They may help to predict people’s behavior and appreciation of new exhibitions, identifying important problems in museum designs, and providing new research tools for this field.

scholarly journals Dietary taste patterns by sex and weight status in the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 1195-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid W. B. van Langeveld ◽  
Pey Sze Teo ◽  
Jeanne H. M. de Vries ◽  
Edith J. M. Feskens ◽  
Cees de Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Preferences ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Consumption Survey

AbstractTaste is a key driver of food choice and intake. Taste preferences are widely studied, unlike the diet’s taste profile. This study assessed dietary taste patterns in the Netherlands by sex, BMI, age and education. A taste database, containing 476 foods’ taste values, was combined with 2-d 24-h recalls in two study populations. The percentage of energy intake from six taste clusters was assessed in the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (DNFCS 2007–2010; n 1351) and in an independent observational study: the Nutrition Questionnaires plus (NQplus) study (2011–2013; n 944). Dietary taste patterns were similar across study populations. Men consumed relatively more energy from ‘salt, umami and fat’ (DNFCS; 24 % energy, NQplus study; 23 %)- and ‘bitter’ (7 %)-tasting foods compared with women (21 %, P<0·001, 22 %, P=0·005; 3 %, P<0·001, 4 %, P<0·001, respectively). Women consumed more % energy from ‘sweet and fat’ (15 %)- and ‘sweet and sour’ (13 %, 12 %, respectively)-tasting foods compared with men (12 %, P<0·001, 13 %, P=0·001; 10 %, P<0·001). Obese individuals consumed more % energy from ‘salt, umami and fat’- and less from ‘sweet and fat’-tasting foods than normal-weight individuals (‘salt, umami and fat’, men; obese both studies 26 %, normal-weight DNFCS 23 %, P=0·037, NQplus 22 %, P=0·001, women; obese 23 %, 24 %, normal weight 20 %, P=0·004, P=0·011, respectively, ‘sweet and fat’, men; obese 11 %, 10 %, normal weight 13 %, P<0·05, 14 %, P<0·01, women; obese 14 %, 15 %, normal weight 16 %, P=0·12, P=0·99). In conclusion, our taste database can be used to deepen our understanding of the role of taste in dietary intake in the Netherlands by sex, BMI, age and education.

African-American Youth: Drug Trafficking and the Justice System

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1078-1084
Author(s):  
Susan Leviton ◽  
Marc A. Schindler ◽  
Renee S. Orleans
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Analytic Review

Objective. To examine the role of the legal system in adolescent drug trafficking. Methods. Descriptive and analytic review of the literature and relevant legislation. Findings. Utilization of young adolescents by drug "kingpins" in drug trafficking is a new practice that is highly advantageous to the employer for several legal and economic reasons. From the perspective of the drug kingpins, juveniles are particularly useful in drug trafficking because they work for lower wages. Further, even if the youth are arrested, the juvenile justice system enables their rapid return for continued service in the drug trade. From the perspective of the youth, drug trafficking offers one of the few economic opportunities available to them. Further, the numbers suggest a tremendous racial disparity in the juvenile justice system. Conclusions. The mutual advantages to both employer and employee of using youths in drug trafficking increases the likelihood that this new practice will continue to flourish and with increasingly young children. Effective prevention and treatment interventions will need to be multifaceted, addressing the economic, educational, and social issues that have permitted the rapid emergence of adolescent drug trafficking. Finally, further investigation of the apparent racial disparities is necessary.

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