Intra-annual continuous reproduction of the apple pest Microtus lusitanicus: Implications for management

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Miñarro ◽  
Aitor Somoano ◽  
Jacint Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Reproduction

scholarly journals Reproductive features of the swimming crab Callinectes danae(Crustacea, Portunoidea) on the subtropical coast of Brazil: a sampling outside the estuary

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
LS Andrade ◽  
M Antunes ◽  
PA Lima ◽  
M Furlan ◽  
IF Frameschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Swimming Crab ◽  
Exposed Area ◽  
Continuous Reproduction ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Callinectes Danae

AbstractThe life cycle of the crab Callinectes danae is estuarine-dependent, and studies on aspects of their biology should also cover marine areas. The present study investigated the sexual maturity, as well as habitat preference by adults in different gonadal stages, and the crabs’ reproductive periodicity outside the estuary. Three bays on the subtropical southeastern coast of Brazil were sampled monthly for two years. For each bay, six transects were established, four of them parallel to the beach line (5, 10, 15 and 20 m depth), as well as one transect in an exposed area, and another sheltered from the action of waves. The results showed that the pattern of spatio-temporal distribution of adults C. danae was similar in three bays, although the highest abundance was found in Ubatumirim. Females with developed gonads/ovigerous females were found in greater abundance than females with rudimentary/developing gonads, mainly in deeper transects. Although the areas sampled have different environmental characteristics, the reproductive pattern of the species did not change, showing continuous reproduction throughout, with more abundance of reproductive females on spring and summer. Males reached maturity at larger sizes than females in all three bays.

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO FENOLÓGICO DE Emmotum nitens (Benth.) Miers (METTENIUSACEAE) EM FRAGMENTO DE CERRADÃO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Patrícia Oliveira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Circular Statistic ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Continuous Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Events

Emmotum nitens é uma espécie bem conhecida em termos de florística e fitossociologia, entretanto, há poucos trabalhos que tratam-se de sua fenologia. Este estudo buscou avaliar a fenologia reprodutiva de uma população de E. nitens no Município de Rio Verde, Goiás. Observou-se mensalmente as fenofases reprodutivas (botão, antese, fruto imaturo e maduro) de 15 indivíduos. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se o método de Fournier e presença/ausência, e para analisar os mesmos utilizou-se a estatística circular e correlação com as variáveis meteorológicas (temperatura e precipitação). E. nitens produziu botões e flores de modo irregular ao longo do estudo, no entanto se correlacionaram positivamente com a temperatura. Durante todo estudo registrou-se frutos imaturos, embora as maiores concentrações ocorreram na transição do período seco-chuvoso e durante as chuvas, correlacionando-se positivamente com a precipitação. A maturação dos frutos iniciou-se no final da estação das chuvas, com maiores intensidades no período seco. Para E. nitens é mais vantajoso apresentar reprodução continua já que a mesma não é fortemente limitada pelas variáveis climáticas da área de estudo, do que seguir um padrão sazonal.Palavra-chave: fenologia, espécie de cerrado, eventos reprodutivos, correlação com metereologia. PHENOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF EMMOTUM NITENS (BENTH.) MIERS (METTENIUSACEAE) ON CERRADÃO FRAGMENT ABSTRACT:Emmotum nitens is a well-known species in terms of floristic and phytosociology, however, there are few studies that deal with its phenology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive phenology of a population of E. nitens in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás. The reproductive phenomena (flower bud, anthesis, immature fruit and ripe fruit) were observed monthly in 15 individuals. Fournier method and presence/absence were used to collect the data, and to analyze them, the circular statistic and correlation with the meteorological variables (temperature and precipitation) were used. E. nitens produced flower bud and flowers irregularly throughout the study, however they correlated positively with temperature. During the whole study immature fruits were recorded, although the highest concentrations occurred in the transition from the dry-rainy season and during the rains, correlating positively with the precipitation. Fruit maturation began at the end of the rainy season, with higher intensities in the dry season. For E. nitens it is more advantageous to present continuous reproduction since it is not strongly limited by the climatic variables of the study area, rather than following a seasonal pattern.Keywords: phenology, species of cerrado, reproductive events, correlation with meteorology. DOI:

scholarly journals Reproductive ecology of the threatened "star cactus" Astrophytum ornatum (Cactaceae): a strategy of continuous reproduction with low success

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Maria Loraine Matias Palafox ◽  
Cecilia Leonor Jiménez-Sierra ◽  
Jordan Golubov ◽  
María C. Mandujano
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Continuous Reproduction

Control and separation of algae particles from WSP effluent by using floating aquatic plant root mats

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kim ◽  
W.-J. Kim ◽  
P.-G. Chung ◽  
W. O. Pipes
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Continuous Reproduction ◽  
Adsorption Phenomena ◽  
Integrated Processes

In this paper, the potential uses of water hyacinth and its root mats for separating algae particles in the effluent from waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) were discussed. Pilot-scale integrated processes consisting of WSPs and multiple WHPs (water hyacinth ponds) were operated in order to extract effects of the root mats on the reduction of algae concentrations. Root mats in the bottom of WHPs separated significant amount of the algae cells through attachment as the effluent from WSPs passed through them. Attachment of the algae particles to the surface of live roots was found to be similar to adsorption phenomena but it lasted even at saturation, probably due to the continuous reproduction of active attachment sites by detachment and growth of the roots. Additionally, this paper discusses attachment mechanisms and other issues concerning design and polishing of the WSPs effluent by WHPs.

SOME MINERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Auclair ◽  
P. N. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Continuous Reproduction ◽  
Holidic Diet

AbstractPerformance of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on a holidic diet containing different metal ions was studied by individually incorporating into the diet a salt of the metal ion to be tested. The performance of the pea aphid was markedly improved when the diet contained iron; the first-generation adults reproduced, and the second-generation nymphs moulted twice or thrice, but did not reach the adult stage. Molybdenum, boron, and copper, at certain concentrations, induced the production of some live nymphs, but manganese, zinc, calcium, and cobalt did not. However, the presence of zinc, cobalt and calcium, at most of the concentrations used, slightly improved growth and reduced mortality. Furthermore, the presence of calcium appeared essential for development to the adult stage. Tolerance to all these metals was fairly high, but sodium molybdate at a concentration of 50.0 mg, and sodium borate at concentrations of 40–100 mg/100 ml of diet, appeared to reach toxic levels.Iron was found to be essential for reproduction and a range of 53–211 μg of elemental iron per 100 ml of diet appeared to be optimum. It is suggested that a synergistic effect between at least some of these metals is required for continuous reproduction of the pea aphid.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Echinometra lucunter (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in a northeast Brazilian sandstone reef

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo J.B. Lima ◽  
Paula B. Gomes ◽  
José R.B. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Gonad Index ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Variation ◽  
Continuous Reproduction

The edible sea urchin Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) is a very common species on the sublittoral-midlittoral in Brazilian rocky shores. The aim of this work was to describe the gametogenesis and reproductive strategy of the E. lucunter population at Muro Alto beach in the Northeast coast of Brazil from August 2004 to August 2005. A total of 240 specimens were collected on the sandstone reef flat from a tidepool during spring low tides. The overall sex ratio was1.12:1,withoutsignificanttemporalvariationexceptinOctober2004. Firsts sexual maturity ocurred in individuals from a diameter of 20.8 mm. There was not a significant difference in gonad index between females and males during the sampling period. The female's gonad index variation was associated with a well-defined spawning, corroborated by the histological analysis of the gonads, which demonstrates sex differences of the gamete production. By contrast, the males showed no clear pattern. It is suggested that continuous reproduction with seasonal peaks in the E. lucunter population occurs at Muro Alto beach.

scholarly journals Workers-as-consumers: Rethinking the political economy of use-value and the reproduction of capital

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Mulcahy
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
The Political ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Continuous Reproduction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Labour Power ◽  
Means Of Production

The relationship between the working class and consumer culture is undoubtedly contentious and often held as problematic in Marxist critical theory, owing to the exploitative nature of the mass production that facilitates consumption. Consequently, consumption sometimes appears as a distraction from the inequality perpetuated during the accumulation of capital, and thus as a social problem with normative undertones. As I reiterate in this article, however, workers are not simultaneously consumers because they have been inundated with consumer culture and advertising, but because they are separated from the means of production and must resort to exchange to reproduce their labour-power. As a result, they seek commodities as use-values, which is altogether different from a capitalist’s desire to realise exchange-value in the sale of commodities. This article is an attempt at examining the contradictions that arise in working-class interests in consumption, in order to illustrate why the act of consumption does not necessarily engender the continuous reproduction of capital, and thus of exploitation.

Hyperparasitism, a Mutualistic Phenomenon

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 716-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Phytophagous Insect ◽  
Primary Parasite ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Continuous Reproduction ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractHyperparasitism is a mortality factor that generally is beneficial to the continuous reproduction of the species involved.The parasites of a primary parasite of a phytophagous insect may exhibit two distinctive types of secondary relations to that insect. These types are defined as follows:Direct secondary parasitism: that type of host-parasite symbiosis where only the primary's parasitized host or the primary itself is attacked.Indirect secondary parasitism: that type of host-parasite symbiosis where the primary's phytophagous host is attacked whether parasitized or not parasitized.The host mortality caused by direct secondary parasitism may greatly exceed that caused by indirect secondary parasitism, this being manifested when the percentage of the primary parasitization of the phytophagous host is minimal.

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