scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Echinometra lucunter (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in a northeast Brazilian sandstone reef

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo J.B. Lima ◽  
Paula B. Gomes ◽  
José R.B. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Gonad Index ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Variation ◽  
Continuous Reproduction

The edible sea urchin Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) is a very common species on the sublittoral-midlittoral in Brazilian rocky shores. The aim of this work was to describe the gametogenesis and reproductive strategy of the E. lucunter population at Muro Alto beach in the Northeast coast of Brazil from August 2004 to August 2005. A total of 240 specimens were collected on the sandstone reef flat from a tidepool during spring low tides. The overall sex ratio was1.12:1,withoutsignificanttemporalvariationexceptinOctober2004. Firsts sexual maturity ocurred in individuals from a diameter of 20.8 mm. There was not a significant difference in gonad index between females and males during the sampling period. The female's gonad index variation was associated with a well-defined spawning, corroborated by the histological analysis of the gonads, which demonstrates sex differences of the gamete production. By contrast, the males showed no clear pattern. It is suggested that continuous reproduction with seasonal peaks in the E. lucunter population occurs at Muro Alto beach.

scholarly journals Reproductive features of the swimming crab Callinectes danae(Crustacea, Portunoidea) on the subtropical coast of Brazil: a sampling outside the estuary

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
LS Andrade ◽  
M Antunes ◽  
PA Lima ◽  
M Furlan ◽  
IF Frameschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Swimming Crab ◽  
Exposed Area ◽  
Continuous Reproduction ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Callinectes Danae

AbstractThe life cycle of the crab Callinectes danae is estuarine-dependent, and studies on aspects of their biology should also cover marine areas. The present study investigated the sexual maturity, as well as habitat preference by adults in different gonadal stages, and the crabs’ reproductive periodicity outside the estuary. Three bays on the subtropical southeastern coast of Brazil were sampled monthly for two years. For each bay, six transects were established, four of them parallel to the beach line (5, 10, 15 and 20 m depth), as well as one transect in an exposed area, and another sheltered from the action of waves. The results showed that the pattern of spatio-temporal distribution of adults C. danae was similar in three bays, although the highest abundance was found in Ubatumirim. Females with developed gonads/ovigerous females were found in greater abundance than females with rudimentary/developing gonads, mainly in deeper transects. Although the areas sampled have different environmental characteristics, the reproductive pattern of the species did not change, showing continuous reproduction throughout, with more abundance of reproductive females on spring and summer. Males reached maturity at larger sizes than females in all three bays.

Transfer of Salmonella and Campylobacter from Stainless Steel to Romaine Lettuce†

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2231-2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINA M. MOORE ◽  
BRIAN W. SHELDON ◽  
LEE-ANN JAYKUS
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Handling Practices

The degree of transfer of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was evaluated from a stainless steel contact surface to a ready-to-eat food (lettuce). Stainless steel coupons (25 cm2) were inoculated with a 20-μl drop of either C. jejuni or Salmonella Typhimurium to provide an inoculum level of ~106 CFU/28 mm2. Wet and dry lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) pieces (9 cm2) were placed onto the inoculated stainless steel surface for 10 s after the designated inoculum drying time (0 to 80 min for C. jejuni; 0 to 120 min for Salmonella Typhimurium), which was followed by the recovery and enumeration of transferred pathogens (lettuce) and residual surface pathogens (stainless steel coupons). For transfers of Salmonella Typhimurium to dry lettuce, there was an increase from 36 to 66% in the percent transfer of the initial inoculum load during the first 60 min of sampling and then a precipitous drop from 66 to 6% in percent transfer. The transfer of Salmonella Typhimurium to wet lettuce ranged from 23 to 31%, with no statistically significant difference between recoveries over the entire 120-min sampling period. For C. jejuni, the mean percent transfer ranged from 16 to 38% for dry lettuce and from 15 to 27% for wet lettuce during the 80-min sampling period. The results of this study indicate that relatively high numbers of bacteria may be transferred to a food even 1 to 2 h after surface contamination. These findings can be used to support future projects aimed at estimating the degree of risk associated with poor handling practices of ready-to-eat foods.

scholarly journals Carbonate System Parameters of an Algal-dominated Reef along West Maui

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Prouty ◽  
Kimberly K. Yates ◽  
Nathan Smiley ◽  
Chris Gallagher ◽  
Olivia Cheriton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Carbon Chemistry ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Seawater Ph ◽  
Chemistry Dynamics

Abstract. Constraining coral reef metabolism and carbon chemistry dynamics are fundamental for understanding and predicting reef vulnerability to rising coastal CO2 concentrations and decreasing seawater pH. However, few studies exist along reefs occupying densely inhabited shorelines with known input from land-based sources of pollution. The shallow coral reefs off Kahekili, West Maui, are exposed to nutrient-enriched, low-pH submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and are particularly vulnerable to the compounding stressors from land-based sources of pollution and lower seawater pH. To constrain the carbonate chemistry system, nutrients and carbonate chemistry were measured along the Kahekili reef flat every 4 h over a 6-d sampling period in March 2016. Abiotic process – primarily SGD fluxes – controlled the carbonate chemistry adjacent to the primary SGD vent site, with nutrient-laden freshwater decreasing pH levels and favoring undersaturated aragonite saturation (Ωarag) conditions. In contrast, diurnal variability in the carbonate chemistry at other sites along the reef flat was driven by reef community metabolism. Superimposed on the diurnal signal was a transition during the second sampling period to a surplus of total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) compared to ocean end-member TA and DIC measurements. A shift from net community production and calcification to net respiration and carbonate dissolution was identified. This transition occurred during a period of increased SGD-driven nutrient loading, lower wave height, and reduced current speeds. This detailed study of carbon chemistry dynamics highlights the need to incorporate local effects of nearshore oceanographic processes into predictions of coral reef vulnerability and resilience.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in Retail Chicken, Beef, Lamb, and Pork Products in Three Australian States

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 2126-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIZ J. WALKER ◽  
RHIANNON L. WALLACE ◽  
JAMES J. SMITH ◽  
TRUDY GRAHAM ◽  
THEMY SAPUTRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Campylobacter Infection ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of Campylobacter species in a variety of fresh and frozen meat and offal products collected from retail outlets in New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (Qld), and Victoria (Vic). A total of 1,490 chicken, beef, lamb, and pork samples were collected from Australian supermarkets and butcher shops over a 2-year sampling period (October 2016 to October 2018). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 90% of chicken meat and 73% of chicken offal products (giblet and liver), with significantly lower prevalence in lamb (38%), pork (31%), and beef (14%) offal (kidney and liver). Although retail chicken meat was frequently contaminated with Campylobacter, the level of contamination was generally low. Where quantitative analysis was conducted, 98% of chicken meat samples, on average, had <10,000 CFU Campylobacter per carcass, with 10% <21 CFU per carcass. Campylobacter coli was the most frequently recovered species in chicken meat collected in NSW (53%) and Vic (56%) and in chicken offal collected in NSW (77%), Qld (59%), and Vic (58%). In beef, lamb, and pork offal, C. jejuni was generally the most common species (50 to 86%), with the exception of pork offal collected in NSW, where C. coli was more prevalent (69%). Campylobacter prevalence was significantly higher in fresh lamb (46%) and pork (31%) offal than in frozen offal (17 and 11%, respectively). For chicken, beef, and pork offal, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was significantly higher on delicatessen products compared with prepackaged products. This study demonstrated that meat and offal products are frequently contaminated with Campylobacter. However, the prevalence is markedly different in different meats, and the level of chicken meat portion contamination is generally low. By identifying the types of meat and offal products types that pose the greatest risk of Campylobacter infection to consumers, targeted control strategies can be developed. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Influence of water level fluctuation on the mortality and aboveground biomass of the aquatic macrophyte Eleocharis interstincta (VAHL) roemer et schults

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Medeiros dos Santos ◽  
Francisco de Assis Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Response To Water

The goal of this study was to study the biometric alterations of Eleocharis interstincta in response to water level fluctuations in Cabiúnas Lagoon, located on the northern coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the municipality of Macaé. Three quadrats of 0.0625 m² were harvested every two weeks from June/1997 to June/1998; samples were separated into stems, dead stems (detritus) and rhizome; lenghted, dried and weighted. The water level fluctuated seasonally in the macrophyte stand with two periods of drawdown. The first period occurred naturally at the end of winter and beginning of spring, when rainfall in the area was normally lowest. The second period of drawdown was the result of an artificial breaching of the sandbar that isolate the lagoon from the sea. The breach was made in the summer, at the time of highest rainfall, when the water level in the lagoon reached the maximum value recorded during the study (1.35 m). There was a strongly positive correlation of the water level with stems mean height and aboveground biomass, indicating that water level played an important role in the determination of these parameters. There was a significant difference between stem height (ANOVA; p < 0.001) and biomass (ANOVA; p < 0.001) in each sampling period, ranging from 143.9 cm and 338.8 g dry wt.m-2, before the sandbar opening, to 16.3 cm and 20.2 g dry wt.m-2 respectively after the sandbar breaching. The drastic variation of the water level, leading mass mortality of the stems, together with the lowest mean biomass/stem (0.057 g dry wt.individual-1), recorded after the sandbar breaching, did not represent a strong disturbance for E. interstincta, since the resilience time estimated for this population was about 30 days.

Population dynamics and reproduction ofHolothuria arenicola(Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) in coastal waters of Pakistan, North Arabian Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Siddique ◽  
Zarrien Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Gonad Index ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Holothuria Arenicola

In Pakistan, although the sea cucumber fishery has not yet been developed,Holothuria arenicolais abundant on its coast. Nineteen months of sampling was carried out to study the population structure, allometric relationships and reproductive status ofH. arenicolastocks in Manora and Buleji rocky shores. All measured biometric characters showed significant temporal variations and width/length, weight/length, gutted weight/length and gutted weight/weight relationships followed negative allometry, indicating a change in body shape as the animal grows. Length-frequency distribution analysis was bimodal in both summer and autumn consisting of small-sized and medium-sized individuals while in winter and spring three modes were found at Manora. At Buleji, the population was unimodal in all seasons consisting of small-sized individuals. Sex inH. arenicolacannot be determined externally but can be identified on examination of gonad colour which is orange-like in females and creamy yellow in males. The sex was further confirmed on histological examination and maturation was divided into five stages, i.e. undetermined, early developing, late developing, mature and partially spawned. The sex ratio inH. arenicolawas approximately 1:1 and increase in gonad index was observed during spring and early summer, followed by a decrease in GI in autumn and winter, which showed the spawning followed by resting phase. The GI showed a significant negative correlation with salinity and non-significant correlation with temperature. There is a need to undertake more biological/ecological studies onH. arenicolain order to take effective measures for its management.

Prevalence of feline chronic gingivo-stomatitis in first opinion veterinary practice

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine AE Healey ◽  
Susan Dawson ◽  
Rachel Burrow ◽  
Peter Cripps ◽  
Christopher J. Gaskell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Severe Inflammation ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Significant Difference

Feline chronic gingivo-stomatitis (FCGS) is a syndrome characterised by persistent, often severe, inflammation of the oral mucosa. In the absence of similar studies, our objective was to estimate the prevalence of FCGS in a convenience based sample of cats visiting first opinion small animal veterinary practices. Twelve practices took part, providing a sample population of 4858 cats. Veterinary surgeons identified cases of FCGS according to our case definition over a 12-week sampling period; age, sex and breed information was determined for all cats, plus brief descriptive data for FCGS cases. The prevalence of FCGS was 0.7% (34 cases, 95% confidence intervals: 0.5–1.0%). Of the 34 cases of FCGS, 44% (15 cats) were new cases and 56% (19 cats) were ongoing cases. No statistically significant difference ( P>0.353) was found when the age, sex and breed of cats with FCGS were compared to data from cats without the condition.

The identity of the invasive yellow-striped terrestrial planarian found recently in Europe: Caenoplana variegata (Fletcher & Hamilton, 1888) or Caenoplana bicolor (Graff, 1899)?

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4731 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-222
Author(s):  
HUGH D JONES ◽  
EDUARDO MATEOS ◽  
MARTA RIUTORT ◽  
MARTA ÁLVAREZ-PRESAS
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Anatomical Information ◽  
Over Time

Terrestrial planarians with a dorsal yellow stripe and dark lateral surfaces and up to 15-20 cm long have been found in several countries in Europe, the earliest in 2008. They are similar to two species originally from Australia, Caenoplana variegata (Fletcher & Hamilton, 1888) and C. bicolor (Graff, 1899), both described on external characters only, with no anatomical information. Careful reading suggests that there is no significant difference between the original descriptions. Further: observations on live specimens show considerable variation between individuals and in individuals over time and before and after feeding, negating any distinction between descriptions. Examination of three sectioned specimens shows considerable difference in sexual maturity, though one seems almost fully mature and the reproductive system is described. Molecular results show that specimens from the United Kingdom and Spain are of the same species. It is concluded that the planarians should be referred to as C. variegata, C. bicolor being a junior synonym. 

Histological analysis of the third ventricle floor in hydrocephalic and nonhydrocephalic brains: application to neuroendocrine complications following third ventriculostomy procedures

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
Eyas M. Hattab ◽  
Marios Loukas ◽  
Joshua J. Chern ◽  
Melissa Wellons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Endocrine Dysfunction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Significant Difference

Object Endocrine dysfunction following endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is rare, but it has been reported. In the present study the authors sought to determine the histological nature of the floor of the third ventricle in hydrocephalic brains to better elucidate this potential association. Methods Five adult cadaveric brains with hydrocephalus were examined. Specifically, the floors of the third ventricle of these specimens were studied histologically. Age-matched controls without hydrocephalus were used for comparison. Results Although it was thinned in the hydrocephalic brains, the floor of the third ventricle had no significant difference between the numbers of neuronal cell bodies versus nonhydrocephalic brains. Conclusions Although uncommon following ETV, endocrine dysfunction has been reported. Based on the present study, this is most likely to be due to the injury of normal neuronal cell bodies found in this location, even in very thinned-out tissue.

scholarly journals Histology of the liver of Oligosarcus jenynsii (Ostariophysi, Characidae) from Los Padres Lake, Argentina

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys M. Petcoff ◽  
Alcira O. Díaz ◽  
Alicia H. Escalante ◽  
Adriana L. Goldemberg
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Exocrine Pancreas ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Pancreatic Cells

The liver is an organ notable for its sensitivity to a great variety of environmental factors. It is composed of a parenchyma divided into irregular lobules by the exocrine pancreas or hepatopancreas; the pancreatic cells are arranged around a branch of the portal vein. The hepatocytes are radially arranged in cords around a central sinusoid. The liver histomorphology and the organization of exocrine pancreatic tissue of O. jenynsii (Günther, 1864) is similar to the acinar morphology of many teleosts, including freshwater and marine species. The aim of the present work was to carry out the histological analysis of the liver of Oligosarcus jenynsii, one of the most common species inhabiting Los Padres Lake (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document