scholarly journals A single out-of-season fungicide application reduces the grape powdery mildew inoculum

2021 ◽  
pp. 105760
Author(s):  
Markus Redl ◽  
Lisa Sitavanc ◽  
Florian Hanousek ◽  
Siegrid Steinkellner
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Grape Powdery Mildew

scholarly journals Effect of Fungicide Mobility and Application Timing on the Management of Grape Powdery Mildew

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1167-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Warneke ◽  
Lindsey D. Thiessen ◽  
Walter F. Mahaffee
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Grape Powdery Mildew

Grape powdery mildew (GPM) fungicide programs consist of 5 to 15 applications, depending on region or market, in an attempt to achieve the high fruit quality standards demanded by the market. Understanding how fungicides redistribute and targeting redistributing fungicide to critical crop phenological stages could improve fungicide protection of grape clusters. This study evaluated fungicide redistribution in grapevines from major fungicide groups labeled for GPM control. Translaminar and xylem redistribution was examined by placing fungicide-impregnated filter disks on the adaxial or abaxial leaf surface of detached leaves for 10 min and then incubating for 48 h before inoculating the abaxial surface with conidia. Vapor redistribution used Teflon disks sprayed with fungicides and placed on the abaxial leaf surface of detached leaves 48 h before inoculation. Disease development was rated 10 days later. Translaminar movement through calyptra was tested using flowering potted vines. All fungicides tested redistributed through at least one mechanism. Fungicide timing at critical phenological stages (early, mid, and late bloom) was assessed in small plots of cultivar Pinot noir vines. The application of trifloxystrobin, quinoxyfen, or fluopyram at different bloom stages showed that applications initiated at end of bloom resulted in the lowest berry infection probabilities of 0.073, 0.097, and 0.020, respectively. The results of this study suggest that integrating two carefully timed applications of redistributing fungicides initiated at end of bloom into a fungicide program may be an effective strategy for wine grape growers in western Oregon to produce fruit with low GPM infection.

scholarly journals Adaptive genomic structural variation in the grape powdery mildew pathogen, Erysiphe necator

BMC Genomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jones ◽  
Summaira Riaz ◽  
Abraham Morales-Cruz ◽  
Katherine CH Amrine ◽  
Brianna McGuire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Genomic Structural Variation ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen ◽  
Grape Powdery Mildew

scholarly journals Differential Gene Expression During Conidiation in the Grape Powdery Mildew Pathogen, Erysiphe necator

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Wakefield ◽  
David M. Gadoury ◽  
Robert C. Seem ◽  
Michael G. Milgroom ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Genes ◽  
Grape Powdery Mildew

Asexual sporulation (conidiation) is coordinately regulated in the grape powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe necator but nothing is known about its genetic regulation. We hypothesized that genes required for conidiation in other fungi would be upregulated at conidiophore initiation or full conidiation (relative to preconidiation vegetative growth and development of mature ascocarps), and that the obligate biotrophic lifestyle of E. necator would necessitate some novel gene regulation. cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis with 45 selective primer combinations produced ≈1,600 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs), of which 620 (39%) showed differential expression. TDF sequences were annotated using BLAST analysis of GenBank and of a reference transcriptome for E. necator developed by 454-FLX pyrosequencing of a normalized cDNA library. One-fourth of the differentially expressed, annotated sequences had similarity to fungal genes of unknown function. The remaining genes had annotated function in metabolism, signaling, transcription, transport, and protein fate. As expected, a portion of orthologs known in other fungi to be involved in developmental regulation was upregulated immediately prior to or during conidiation; particularly noteworthy were several genes associated with the light-dependent VeA regulatory system, G-protein signaling (Pth11 and a kelch repeat), and nuclear transport (importin-β and Ran). This work represents the first investigation into differential gene expression during morphogenesis in E. necator and identifies candidate genes and hypotheses for characterization in powdery mildews. Our results indicate that, although control of conidiation in powdery mildews may share some basic elements with established systems, there are significant points of divergence as well, perhaps due, in part, to the obligate biotrophic lifestyle of powdery mildews.

New tools for studying epidemiology and resistance of grape powdery mildew to DMI fungicides

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Délye ◽  
Frédéric Laigret ◽  
Marie-France Corio-Costet
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Grape Powdery Mildew

scholarly journals Impact of Powdery Mildew and Leaf Rust on Milling and Baking Quality of Soft Red Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryne L. Everts ◽  
Steven Leath ◽  
Patrick L. Finney
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
Foliar Fungicide ◽  
Red Winter Wheat ◽  
The Relationship

Changes in milling and baking quality (especially flour yield) of soft red winter wheat can have a large economic impact on flour mills. To determine the relationship between early-season powdery mildew and late-season leaf rust on flour yield, flour protein, alkaline water retention capacity, and kernel texture (softness equivalent), a study was conducted over 2 years at Kinston and Plymouth, NC. Different levels of powdery mildew and leaf rust developed on three winter wheat cultivars that varied in levels of disease resistance, the presence of seed treatment, and the presence and timing of foliar fungicide application. In Kinston and Plymouth in 1989-90, where leaf rust occurred early, the softness equivalent score was lower in wheat grown from seed treated with triadimenol. The following year, when the leaf rust epidemic increased later, foliar fungicide application reduced disease and resulted in lower softness equivalent scores in both Plymouth and Kinston for cv. Saluda and in Kinston for cv. Coker 983. A regression model was developed to describe the relationship between the log of the area under the disease progress curves and adjusted flour yield (AFY). The AFY of Saluda was reduced in the presence of powdery mildew such that %AFY = 103.96 - 0.92 (log AUMPC).

scholarly journals Development of a quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the field detection ofErysiphe necator

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey D. Thiessen ◽  
Tara M. Neill ◽  
Walter F. Mahaffee
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Grape Powdery Mildew

Plant pathogen detection systems have been useful tools to monitor inoculum presence and initiate management schedules. More recently, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was successfully designed for field use in the grape powdery mildew pathosystem; however, false negatives or false positives were prevalent in grower-conducted assays due to the difficulty in perceiving the magnesium pyrophosphate precipitate at low DNA concentrations. A quantitative LAMP (qLAMP) assay using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based probe was assessed by grape growers in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Custom impaction spore samplers were placed at a research vineyard and six commercial vineyard locations, and were tested bi-weekly by the lab and by growers. Grower-conducted qLAMP assays used a beta-version of the Smart-DART handheld LAMP reaction devices (Diagenetix, Inc., Honolulu, HI, USA), connected to Android 4.4 enabled, Bluetooth-capable Nexus 7 tablets for output. Quantification by a quantitative PCR assay was assumed correct to compare the lab and grower qLAMP assay quantification. Growers were able to conduct and interpret qLAMP results; however, theErysiphe necatorinoculum quantification was unreliable using the beta-Smart-DART devices. The qLAMP assay developed was sensitive to one spore in early testing of the assay, but decreased to >20 spores by the end of the trial. The qLAMP assay is not likely a suitable management tool for grape powdery mildew due to losses in sensitivity and decreasing costs and portability for other, more reliable molecular tools.

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