Root and soil health management approaches for control of plant-parasitic nematodes in sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 105841
Author(s):  
Hannah Karuri
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Plant Parasitic

scholarly journals A Pilot Approach Investigating the Potential of Crop Rotation With Sainfoin to Reduce Meloidogyne enterolobii Infection of Maize Under Greenhouse Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Rashidifard ◽  
Samad Ashrafi ◽  
Sarina Claassens ◽  
Torsten Thünen ◽  
Hendrika Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes of cereal crops in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was designed to evaluate the rotation effects of different cultivars of sainfoin (Esparsette, Perly, Taja and Visnovsky), soybean (DM-5953-RSF) and alfalfa (BAR 7) with maize (P-2432-R), on a Meloidogyne enterolobii population, compared to monoculture maize. The results showed that sainfoin (Perly and Esparsette) and alfalfa had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower numbers of M. enterolobii eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) compared to the monoculture maize in the first experiment. However, in the repeat experiment all treatments had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower numbers of eggs and J2 compared to monoculture maize. Rotation of sainfoin Esparsette/maize resulted in the lowest numbers of eggs and J2 (91 and 202, respectively) in the first and repeat experiments. Rotation of sainfoin Esparsette/maize reduced M. enterolobii population density by 81 and 60% in the first and repeat experiments, respectively, followed by alfalfa (54 and 43%, respectively). Ultimately, substantial variation was evident in terms of the efficacy of different sainfoin cultivars with regards to their effect on nematode reduction when used in rotation with maize.

scholarly journals Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny L. Coyne ◽  
Laura Cortada ◽  
Johnathan J. Dalzell ◽  
Abiodun O. Claudius-Cole ◽  
Solveig Haukeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a region beset with challenges, not least its ability to feed itself. Low agricultural productivity, exploding populations, and escalating urbanization have led to declining per capita food availability. In order to reverse this trend, crop production systems must intensify, which brings with it an elevated threat from pests and diseases, including plant-parasitic nematodes. A holistic systems approach to pest management recognizes disciplinary integration. However, a critical under-representation of nematology expertise is a pivotal shortcoming, especially given the magnitude of the threat nematodes pose under more intensified systems. With more volatile climates, efficient use of water by healthy root systems is especially crucial. Within SSA, smallholder farming systems dominate the agricultural landscape, where a limited understanding of nematode problems prevails. This review provides a synopsis of current nematode challenges facing SSA and presents the opportunities to overcome current shortcomings, including a means to increase nematology capacity.

Abundance and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with watermelon in Nigeria, with focus on Meloidogyne spp.

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-797
Author(s):  
Tesleem T. Bello ◽  
Danny L. Coyne ◽  
Milad Rashidifard ◽  
Hendrika Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
South West ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary Little information is available for nematode pests associated with watermelon in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study recorded the abundance and prevalence of plant-parasitic nematodes from 25 localities across south-west Nigeria during 2016/2017. Of the 11 nematode species identified, those belonging to Meloidogyne spp. were predominant according to Prominence Values, followed by Helicotylenchus dihystera, Pratylenchus zeae and Scutellonema bradys. Morphological and molecular analyses revealed the identity of four species of root-knot nematodes: Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria (in descending order of abundance and occurrence). Meloidogyne arenaria is reported for the first time from south-west Nigeria, while S. bradys and Xiphinema nigeriense are first reports for watermelon. Significant associations were observed between the frequency of occurrence of the predominant nematode species and soil properties as well as rainfall. Results provide baseline information on the nematode pest occurrence on watermelon in Nigeria and in a wider context for SSA.

Biological attributes of Salibro™, a novel sulfonamide nematicide. Part 2: Impact on the fitness of various non-target nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim C. Thoden ◽  
Mariam A. Alkader ◽  
John A. Wiles
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Novel Products

Summary Currently a renaissance in chemical nematicides is taking place with novel products like Nimitz® (a.s. fluensulfone), Velum Prime® (a.s. fluopyram) and Salibro™ (a.s. fluazaindolizine – Reklemel™ active) entering the marketplace. Although a considerable amount of published data is already available on their laboratory and field impact on plant-parasitic nematodes, little is understood of their compatibility with the beneficial or free-living nematodes that are part of the soil health network. In a range of laboratory studies, the effects of these nematicides on the vitality and reproduction of several species was tested, including both cosmopolitan free-living nematodes (Acrobeloides, Cruznema, Panagrobelus) as well as commercially applied entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema, Heterorhabditis). Within aqueous exposure and agar plate in vitro assays, species sensitivity to those nematicides differed significantly but their fitness (vitality and reproduction; infectivity to insect hosts) was generally not adversely impacted by concentrations of 5-50 ppm (a.s.) of Salibro. Even at 250 ppm (a.s.) of Salibro only some species of the bacterial-feeding species showed some negative impact. By contrast, both Nimitz at 50 ppm (a.s.) and Velum at 5 ppm (a.s.) consistently demonstrated stronger adverse impacts. In second level soil drenching assays, either no, or occasionally slight, adverse effects on the natural community of free-living nematodes were observed if soils were drenched with different volumes of Salibro at 5-50 ppm (a.s.), while relatively stronger reductions were measured within the plant-parasitic species (especially root-knot nematodes). Both Nimitz and Vydate (a.s. oxamyl) showed some degree of compatibility at 5 and 25 ppm (a.s.), respectively, which was generally higher than for Velum Prime at 5 ppm (a.s.). Overall, these data indicate that, when used at common field rates, Salibro will be one of the best options as part of integrated nematode management programmes where the use of chemical nematicides is required.

A multi-pronged approach for the management of plant parasitic nematodes in vineyards in South Africa.

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Sheila Storey ◽  
Hans Hugo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, distribution, host range, and recommended integrated management of plant parasitic nematodes in vineyards in South Africa. Future research requirements into the use of novel control measures which include biocontrol, novel biology and soil health are also mentioned.

scholarly journals Prevalence of plant-parasitic nematodes in rice fields in Ghana

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-482
Author(s):  
S.T. Nyaku ◽  
H. Lutuf ◽  
J.O. Honger ◽  
A. Dede ◽  
F.C. Brentu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Volta Region ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most cultivated crops worldwide whose production in sub-Saharan Africa is extensively affected by root nematodes. The objective of this study was to identify and establish the distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), in rice growing fields within different regions of Ghana. Soil and root samples were taken from rice fields, namely fourteen from Volta Region, eleven from the Soil and Irrigation Research Centre (SIREC), Kpong (Eastern Region); and five from Dawhenya (Greater Accra Region). The soil samples were taken from 0-30 cm depths, together with root samples. A total of twenty-four nematode genera were identified in soil and root samples from the three regions. These included: Aphelenchus spp., Belonolaimus spp., Ditylenchus spp., Dolichodorus spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Hemicriconemoides spp. Hemicycliophora spp. Heterodera spp., Hirschmaniella spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Paralongidorous spp., Paratylenchus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus spp., Rhabditida spp., Rotylenchulus spp., Scutellonema spp., Trichodorus spp., Tylenchornchus spp., Tylenchulus spp., Tylenchus spp. and Xiphinema spp. In the Volta Region, Tylenchus spp. was the most abundant (29.01%) in the soil; while Meloidogyne spp. was most the abundant (36.86%) in the roots. In Dawhenya regions, Meloidogyne spp. was the most abundant (26.96%) in the soil; while Tylenchus spp. was the most abundant (25.94%) in the roots. In the Eastern Region, Meloidogyne spp. was the most abundant (41.7%) in the soil; while Pratylenchus spp. was the most abundant (36.1%) in the roots. These nematodes threaten rice production in Ghana, if not managed well in farmer’s fields.

scholarly journals Plant Parasitic Nematodes: A Review on Their Behaviour, Host Interaction, Management Approaches and Their Occurrence in Two Sites in the Republic of Ireland

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2352
Author(s):  
Anusha Pulavarty ◽  
Aoife Egan ◽  
Anna Karpinska ◽  
Karina Horgan ◽  
Thomais Kakouli-Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant parasitic nematodes are a major problem for growers worldwide, causing severe crop losses. Several conventional strategies, such as chemical nematicides and biofumigation, have been employed in the past to manage their infection in plants and spread in soils. However, the search for the most sustainable and environmentally safe practices is still ongoing. This review summarises information on plant parasitic nematodes, their distribution, and their interaction with their host plants, along with various approaches to manage their infestations. It also focuses on the application of microbial and fermentation-based bionematicides that have not only been successful in controlling nematode infection but have also led to plant growth promotion and proven to be environmentally safe. Studies with new information on the relative abundance of plant parasitic nematodes in two agricultural sites in the Republic of Ireland are also reported. This review, with the information it provides, will help to generate an up-to-date knowledge base on plant parasitic nematodes and their management practices.

Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Florida Cotton Production

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Zane Grabau
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Plant Parasitic

This 8-page fact sheet written by Zane J. Grabau and published in January 2017 by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology explains how to diagnose and manage nematode problems in cotton production.­http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ng015

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