Geochronological reconstruction of 137Cs transport from the Coruh river to the SE Black Sea: comparative assessment of radionuclide retention in the mountainous catchment area

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (17-19) ◽  
pp. 1811-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Gulin ◽  
G.G. Polikarpov ◽  
J.-M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Mountainous Catchment ◽  
Çoruh River

Comparative Assessment of Resistance of Hardwearing Anodes, Ternary Coated with Iridium, Ruthenium and Titanium

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Fesenko ◽  
I.V. Pchelnikov ◽  
R.V. Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Iridium Oxides ◽  
Corrosive Resistance ◽  
Selection Of

A selection of anode coatings has been studied to get sodium hypochlorite in low concentrationduring the electrolysis of 3% solution of sodium salt and the Black Sea water. The corrosive resistance of anodes has been determined, with different batches of ruthenium and iridium oxides, as well as their characteristics: chlorine outlet while passing throughthe current, voltage on the cell, the dynamics of concentration growth of available chlorine in solution.

scholarly journals Possibility of Using Selected Rainfall-Runoff Models for Determining the Design Hydrograph in Mountainous Catchments: A Case Study in Poland

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Młyński ◽  
Andrzej Wałęga ◽  
Leszek Książek ◽  
Jacek Florek ◽  
Andrea Petroselli
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Peak Flows ◽  
Mountainous Catchment ◽  
Mountainous Catchments ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Runoff Hydrographs

The aim of the study was to analyze the possibility of using selected rainfall-runoff models to determine the design hydrograph and the related peak flow in a mountainous catchment. The basis for the study was the observed series of hydrometeorological data for the Grajcarek catchment area (Poland) for the years 1981–2014. The analysis was carried out in the following stages: verification of hydrometeorological data; determination of the design rainfall; and determination of runoff hydrographs with the following rainfall-runoff models: Snyder, NRCS-UH, and EBA4SUB. The conducted research allowed the conclusion that the EBA4SUB model may be an alternative to other models in determining the design hydrograph in ungauged mountainous catchments. This is evidenced by the lower values of relative errors in the estimation of peak flows with an assumed frequency for the EBA4SUB model, as compared to Snyder and NRCS-UH.

SOURCES OF THE BASIN COMPONENT OF THE SEDIMENT YIELD ON THE SMALL RIVER IN THE FOOTHILL-LOWLAND ZONE OF THE BLACK SEA COAST OF THE CAUCASUS (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE TSANYK RIVER)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. IVANOVA ◽  
V. N. GOLOSOV ◽  
A. S. TSYPLENKOV ◽  
YU. S. KUZNETSOVA ◽  
D. V. BOTAVIN
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Small River ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Sediment Removal ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

Тhis study aims to evaluate features of the formation and sources of the basin component of the sediment yield during flash floods. Measuring campaigns were conducted in the weakly disturbed section of the Tsanyk River basin, located in the Greater Sochi area in the foothill-lowland zone of the Caucasus Black Sea coast. We used a set of field and calculation methods, including sediment dating with application of 137Cs, pin method, Yang's method, erosion modeling and others techniques for determining the rate of denudation and deposition processes. We investigated the processes of local and long-distance sediment movement. It was established that the rate of creep is 2-2.2 cm/year, the intensity of scree processes varies depending on the rock types in the range 1-3.5 cm/year. The processes of sheet erosion and linear erosion contribute to the movement of part of the eroded material from the catchment area to the river channel. Four types of slopes and slope catchments are distinguished according to the features of a sediment delivery from the catchment area to the river channel. The average annual sedimentation rate in the gully fan is amounted to 2.3 cm/year since 1986. At the same time, on the basis of studying the accumulative deposits of the gully fan, including the content of the 137Cs isotope in the different layers, it was established that the main sources of sediments are material produced by gully erosion, scree processes and slopes settling. 5-6 episodes of catastrophic sediment removal occurred in this particular slope catchment for 30-year period. The ratio between a sediment removal from the slope catchments to the river channel and the measured sediment yield in the Tsanyk River during the rain floods of low repeatability makes it possible to state that the basin component of sediment yield is at least 75% of the total. Information about the ratio of slopes and slope catchments of various types within the small river basins of the subtropical belt of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus should be taken into account when calculating engineering structures for protecting infrastructure facilities from the impact of flash floods or mudflows.

Implementing the Water Framework Directive in Bulgaria: integrated river basin management on the Black Sea coast

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pratt ◽  
J. Lønholdt ◽  
P.E. Jørgensen ◽  
B. Persson ◽  
V. Nikolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
National Level ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Basin Management ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

EC member states and candidate countries are in the process of implementing the requirements of the EC Water Framework Directive 2000/60,[Q1] which came into force on 22 December 2000. At the core of the Directive is an integrated approach for sustainable water management in river basin districts. The overall objective is to reach good water status for all waters by the year 2015. The challenges for countries implementing the Directive are substantial not least for the River Basin Management Authorities who will be the implementing unit at the regional level. The Black Sea River Basin Directorate in Varna is one of four Directorates established in Bulgaria in 2002 in accordance with the Bulgarian Water Act and is the regional operational unit under the Ministry of Environment and Water for the Black Sea Basin catchment area. The catchment area covers 20% of Bulgaria and 100% of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Current implementation activities in the Black Sea Basin Directorate and also at the national level are supported by the Danish EPA through its DANCEE programme in collaboration with the Ministry of Environment and Water. This paper highlights the main activities and outputs of the technical and institutional undertakings in the Black Sea Basin Directorate focusing on the preparation of the River Basin Overview by Dec. 2004.

scholarly journals OBSERVATION OF TOTAL LOAD FROM A MOUNTAINOUS CATCHMENT AREA IN THE ABE RIVER

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Reiji KONDO ◽  
Toshihiro HASHINOKI ◽  
Satoshi TUCHIYA
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Mountainous Catchment

Planning of wastewater treatment and disposal systems of Istanbul metropolitan area

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Eroglu ◽  
H. Z. Sarikaya ◽  
A. F. Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Current and future wastewater treatment and disposal strategies of Istanbul city are presented. Istanbul is the largest city of Turkey and has a population of 10 million that may reach about 20 million in 2032. The city is divided into Asian and European sides by the Bosphorus Strait. The Sea of Marmara is an enclosed sea, connected to the Black Sea and Aegean Sea by the straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles. Therefore, there is very strong and permanent stratification in the Sea of Marmara throughout the year, lower layers carrying Mediterranean and the upper layers carrying Black Sea water. This unique coastal structure of Istanbul necessitated a detailed study to determine the level of wastewater treatment and the location and depth of marine outfalls. A comprehensive three-dimensional water quality modelling study concluded that tertiary treatment including nitrogen and phosphorus removal is required for the effluent discharges into the Marmara Sea. However, enhanced primary or even primary treatment has been found satisfactory for discharges into the lower layers of the Bosphorus and into the Black Sea. Provisions for upgrading to secondary treatment were recommended. The status of existing and planned wastewater treatment plants and sea outfalls of Istanbul city are also presented. Although the amount of treated wastewater was only 63 percent in 1998, a target of 95 percent treatment level by the end of 2000 has been adopted in implementation plans. All treatment plants are located at or close to the coast except Pasakoy WWTP which is in the catchment area of Omerli Reservoir, the major source of drinking water for Istanbul city. The Pasakoy WWTP has been designed to treat wastewaters collected from the catchment area of Omerli Reservoir to tertiary level before ultimate disposal. The implementation programme together with the cost estimates are given. Total investment on water, wastewater and stormwater projects up to year 2032 is estimated at about 10 billion US Dollars. The share of the wastewater projects in this total is increasing with time. The financial analysis concluded that investments for a Higher Demand Scenario can be realised by raising the water tariffs to 1.0 $/m3 for Phase 1 and 0.9 $/m3 for Phase 2.

scholarly journals Morpho-Hydrographic Analyze of Black Sea Catchment Area in Bulgaria

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Ivanova Ivanova ◽  
Roumen Donchev Nedkov ◽  
Iva Boneva Ivanova ◽  
Kameliya Lyubomirova Radeva
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Catchment Area

scholarly journals Characterization of the Karst water regime in the Danube catchment area (Bulgaria)

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Damyanova ◽  
Aleksey Benderev
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Danube River ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Danube Catchment

The purpose of study is to estimate the role of karst springs in the formation of the flow of the Bulgarian rivers that are right tributaries of the Danube River. The study area includes the region from the Danube River to the main ridge of the Balkan (Stara Planina), representing a major water divide that separates the Black Sea catchment area from the Aegean one. The eastern border represents the watershed between the Danube and the Black Sea hydrological zones. From a geological point of view, the northern part of the area is located on the Moesian platform and the southern part belongs to the Fore Balkan and Balkan areas where various types of rocks of different geologic age outcrop. In some of them, there are conditions for the formation of karst water. In the northern part of the area they form distinct aquifers that gradually sink to the north; this is so called "platform" type of karst. In the southern mountainous part there are numerous karst basins. The most significant of karst springs are included in the national groundwater monitoring network. The hydrographs of karst springs are analyzed in view of the specific features of karstification. To classify the studied springs with respect to their regime, several indicators are used. Furthermore, the role of karst waters in the river runoff of the Bulgarian tributaries of the Danube River is assessed.

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