scholarly journals OBSERVATION OF TOTAL LOAD FROM A MOUNTAINOUS CATCHMENT AREA IN THE ABE RIVER

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Reiji KONDO ◽  
Toshihiro HASHINOKI ◽  
Satoshi TUCHIYA
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Mountainous Catchment

scholarly journals Possibility of Using Selected Rainfall-Runoff Models for Determining the Design Hydrograph in Mountainous Catchments: A Case Study in Poland

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Młyński ◽  
Andrzej Wałęga ◽  
Leszek Książek ◽  
Jacek Florek ◽  
Andrea Petroselli
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Peak Flows ◽  
Mountainous Catchment ◽  
Mountainous Catchments ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Runoff Hydrographs

The aim of the study was to analyze the possibility of using selected rainfall-runoff models to determine the design hydrograph and the related peak flow in a mountainous catchment. The basis for the study was the observed series of hydrometeorological data for the Grajcarek catchment area (Poland) for the years 1981–2014. The analysis was carried out in the following stages: verification of hydrometeorological data; determination of the design rainfall; and determination of runoff hydrographs with the following rainfall-runoff models: Snyder, NRCS-UH, and EBA4SUB. The conducted research allowed the conclusion that the EBA4SUB model may be an alternative to other models in determining the design hydrograph in ungauged mountainous catchments. This is evidenced by the lower values of relative errors in the estimation of peak flows with an assumed frequency for the EBA4SUB model, as compared to Snyder and NRCS-UH.

scholarly journals Diffuse biogenic load from the catchment area of small watercourses

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Evgeni Nesterov ◽  
Grigori Frumin ◽  
Pavel Egorov ◽  
Alexander Lyubimov
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Total Load ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin ◽  
Phosphorus Intake

The article systematizes information on quantitative parameters for assessing the modules of the background runoff of nutrients (total phosphorus and total nitrogen) with the catchment of rivers and lakes. A new approach proposed for estimating the modules of the background runoff of nutrients based on mathematical models. A methodology for calculating the modules of the background runoff of nutrients from the catchments of the rivers of the Baltic Sea basin developed. The study of the dependence of the trophic level of the water reservoir on the amount of phosphorus and nitrogen entering it led to the development of the so-called load concept, which is based on the idea of the existence of a quantitative relationship between the amount of phosphorus intake and the reaction of the reservoir. The maximum allowable export to the Gulf of Finland is 4860 t/year of total phosphorus and 106680 t/year of total nitrogen. These values significantly exceed the total load on the Novaya river from its catchment area: 0.072 t/year for total phosphorus and 0.066 t/year for total nitrogen.

Workload Perception of Air Traffic Control Officers and Pilots During Continuous Descent Operations Approach Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Marina Efthymiou ◽  
Frank Fichert ◽  
Olaf Lantzsch
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Open Path

Abstract. The paper examines the workload perceived by air traffic control officers (ATCOs) and pilots during continuous descent operations (CDOs), applying closed- and open-path procedures. CDOs reduce fuel consumption and noise emissions. Therefore, they are supported by airports as well as airlines. However, their use often depends on pilots asking for CDOs and controllers giving approval and directions. An adapted NASA Total Load Index (TLX) was used to measure the workload perception of ATCOs and pilots when applying CDOs at selected European airports. The main finding is that ATCOs’ workload increased when giving both closed- and open-path CDOs, which may have a negative impact on their willingness to apply CDOs. The main problem reported by pilots was insufficient distance-to-go information provided by ATCOs. The workload change is important when considering the use of CDOs.

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