Characterization and climate response patterns of a high-elevation, multi-species tree-ring network in the European Alps

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Frank ◽  
Jan Esper
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Species Tree ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Ring Network

scholarly journals Millennium-long summer temperature variations in the European Alps as reconstructed from tree rings

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Corona ◽  
J. Guiot ◽  
J. L. Edouard ◽  
F. Chalié ◽  
U. Büntgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Short Tree

Abstract. This paper presents a reconstruction of the summer temperatures over the Greater Alpine Region (44.05°–47.41° N, 6.43°–13° E) during the last millennium based on a network of 38 multi-centennial larch and stone pine chronologies. Tree ring series are standardized using an Adaptative Regional Growth Curve, which attempts to remove the age effect from the low frequency variations in the series. The proxies are calibrated using the June to August mean temperatures from the HISTALP high-elevation temperature time series spanning the 1818–2003. The method combines an analogue technique, which is able to extend the too short tree-ring series, an artificial neural network technique for an optimal non-linear calibration including a bootstrap technique for calculating error assessment on the reconstruction. About 50% of the temperature variance is reconstructed. Low-elevation instrumental data back to 1760 compared to their instrumental target data reveal divergence between (warmer) early instrumental measurements and (colder) proxy estimates. The proxy record indicates cool conditions, from the mid-11th century to the mid-12th century, related to the Oort solar minimum followed by a short Medieval Warm Period (1200–1420). The Little Ice Age (1420–1830) appears particularly cold between 1420 and 1820 with summers that are 0.8 °C cooler than the 1901–2000 period. The new record suggests that the persistency of the late 20th century warming trend is unprecedented. It also reveals significant similarities with other alpine reconstructions.

scholarly journals Growth responses to climate in a multi-species tree-ring network in the Western Carpathian Tatra Mountains, Poland and Slovakia

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Buntgen ◽  
D. C. Frank ◽  
R. J. Kaczka ◽  
A. Verstege ◽  
T. Zwijacz-Kozica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Species Tree ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Ring Network

scholarly journals A 14C Calibration with AMS from 3500 to 3000 BC, Derived from A New High-Elevation Stone-Pine Tree-Ring Chronology

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 969-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Dellinger ◽  
Walter Kutschera ◽  
Kurt Nicolussi ◽  
Peter Schießling ◽  
Peter Steier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Small Deviations ◽  
Pine Tree

High-precision radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements of a new high-altitude stone-pine tree-ring chronology from the European Alps were performed for a 500-yr stretch in the second half of the 4th millennium BC. A 14C calibration curve with a typical 1-σ uncertainty of about 20 14C yr was achieved. Although the general agreement of our data set with INTCAL98 is very good (confirming once more that INTCAL98 is also proper for calibration of samples of extraordinary sites), we found small deviations of 17 ± 5 14C yr, indicating possible seasonal effects of the delayed growing season at high altitude.

scholarly journals Millennium-long summer temperature variations in the European Alps as reconstructed from tree rings

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1159-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Corona ◽  
J. Guiot ◽  
J. L. Edouard ◽  
F. Chalié ◽  
U. Büntgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Short Tree

Abstract. This paper presents a reconstruction of the summer temperatures over the Greater Alpine Region (44.05°–47.41° N, 6.43°–13° E) during the last millennium based on a network of 36 multi-centennial larch and stone pine chronologies. Tree ring series are standardized using an Adaptative Regional Growth Curve, which attempts to remove the age effect from the low frequency variations in the series. The proxies are calibrated using the June to August mean temperatures from the HISTALP high-elevation temperature time series spanning the 1818–2003. The method combines an analogue technique, which is able to extend the too short tree-ring series, an artificial neural network technique for an optimal non-linear calibration including a bootstrap technique for calculating error assessment on the reconstruction. About 50% of the temperature variance is reconstructed. Low-elevation instrumental data back to 1760 compared to their instrumental target data reveal divergence between (warmer) early instrumental measurements and (colder) proxy estimates. The proxy record indicates cool conditions, from the mid-11th century to the mid-12th century, related to the Oort solar minimum followed by a short Medieval Warm Period (1200–1420). The Little Ice Age (1420–1830) appears particularly cold between 1420 and 1820 with summers are 0.8°C cooler than the 1901–2000 period. The new record suggests that the persistency of the late 20th century warming trend is unprecedented. It also reveals significant similarities with other alpine reconstructions.

scholarly journals Global tree-ring response and inferred climate variation following the mid-thirteenth century Samalas eruption

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Büntgen ◽  
Sylvie Hodgson Smith ◽  
Sebastian Wagner ◽  
Paul Krusic ◽  
Jan Esper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Meteorological Factor ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Western Us

AbstractThe largest explosive volcanic eruption of the Common Era in terms of estimated sulphur yield to the stratosphere was identified in glaciochemical records 40 years ago, and dates to the mid-thirteenth century. Despite eventual attribution to the Samalas (Rinjani) volcano in Indonesia, the eruption date remains uncertain, and the climate response only partially understood. Seeking a more global perspective on summer surface temperature and hydroclimate change following the eruption, we present an analysis of 249 tree-ring chronologies spanning the thirteenth century and representing all continents except Antarctica. Of the 170 predominantly temperature sensitive high-frequency chronologies, the earliest hints of boreal summer cooling are the growth depressions found at sites in the western US and Canada in 1257 CE. If this response is a result of Samalas, it would be consistent with an eruption window of circa May–July 1257 CE. More widespread summer cooling across the mid-latitudes of North America and Eurasia is pronounced in 1258, while records from Scandinavia and Siberia reveal peak cooling in 1259. In contrast to the marked post-Samalas temperature response at high-elevation sites in the Northern Hemisphere, no strong hydroclimatic anomalies emerge from the 79 precipitation-sensitive chronologies. Although our findings remain spatially biased towards the western US and central Europe, and growth-climate response patterns are not always dominated by a single meteorological factor, this study offers a global proxy framework for the evaluation of paleoclimate model simulations.

Bioclimatology of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Eastern Alps: spatial and altitudinal climatic signals identified through a tree-ring network

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1873-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Di Filippo ◽  
Franco Biondi ◽  
Katarina Čufar ◽  
Martín de Luis ◽  
Michael Grabner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Ring Network ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Climatic Signals

Tree growth across the Nepal Himalaya during the last four centuries

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
UK Thapa ◽  
S St. George ◽  
DK Kharal ◽  
NP Gaire
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Instrumental Records

The climate of Nepal has changed rapidly over the recent decades, but most instrumental records of weather and hydrology only extend back to the 1980s. Tree rings can provide a longer perspective on recent environmental changes, and since the early 2000s, a new round of field initiatives by international researchers and Nepali scientists have more than doubled the size of the country’s tree-ring network. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the current tree-ring width network for Nepal, and use this network to estimate changes in forest growth nation-wide during the last four centuries. Ring-width chronologies in Nepal have been developed from 11 tree species, and half of the records span at least 290 years. The Nepal tree-ring width network provides a robust estimate of annual forest growth over roughly the last four centuries, but prior to this point, our mean ring-width composite fluctuates wildly due to low sample replication. Over the last four centuries, two major events are prominent in the all-Nepal composite: (i) a prolonged and widespread growth suppression during the early 1800s; and (ii) heightened growth during the most recent decade. The early 19th century decline in tree growth coincides with two major Indonesian eruptions, and suggests that short-term disturbances related to climate extremes can exert a lasting influence on the vigor of Nepal’s forests. Growth increases since AD 2000 are mainly apparent in high-elevation fir, which may be a consequence of the observed trend towards warmer temperatures, particularly during winter. This synthesis effort should be useful to establish baselines for tree-ring data in Nepal and provide a broader context to evaluate the sensitivity or behavior of this proxy in the central Himalayas.

scholarly journals Sampling density and date influence spatial representation of tree ring reconstructions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin T. Maxwell ◽  
Grant L. Harley ◽  
Trevis J. Matheus ◽  
Brandon M. Strange ◽  
Kayla Van Aken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Ring Network ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
The Us

Abstract. Our understanding of the natural variability of hydroclimate before the instrumental period (ca. 1900 in the United States; US) is largely dependent on tree-ring-based reconstructions. Large-scale soil moisture reconstructions from a network of tree-ring chronologies have greatly improved our understanding of the spatial and temporal variability in hydroclimate conditions, particularly extremes of both drought and pluvial (wet) events. However, certain regions within these large-scale reconstructions in the US have a sparse network of tree-ring chronologies. Further, several chronologies were collected in the 1980s and 1990s, thus our understanding of the sensitivity of radial growth to soil moisture in the US is based on a period that experienced multiple extremely severe droughts and neglects the impacts of recent, rapid global change. In this study, we expanded the tree-ring network of the Ohio River Valley in the US, a region with sparse coverage. We used a total of 72 chronologies across 15 species to examine how increasing the density of the tree-ring network influences the representation of reconstructing the Palmer Meteorological Drought Index (PMDI). Further, we tested how the sampling date influenced the reconstruction models by creating reconstructions that ended in the year 1980 and compared them to reconstructions ending in 2010 from the same chronologies. We found that increasing the density of the tree-ring network resulted in reconstructed values that better matched the spatial variability of instrumentally recorded droughts and to a lesser extent, pluvials. By sampling tree in 2010 compared to 1980, the sensitivity of tree rings to PMDI decreased in the southern portion of our region where severe drought conditions have been absent over recent decades. We emphasize the need of building a high-density tree-ring network to better represent the spatial variability of past droughts and pluvials. Further, chronologies on the International Tree-Ring Data Bank need updating regularly to better understand how the sensitivity of tree rings to climate may vary through time.

scholarly journals Effect of the outbreak of horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić) on tree-ring width in common horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cedro ◽  
Grzegorz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Chestnut Leaf

Abstract Common horse-chestnut is frequently infested by the insect pest horse-chestnut leaf miner [HCLM; Cameraria ohridella (Deschka & Dimić, 1986), Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera]. The larvae, feeding on leaf parenchyma, cause browning and dehydration of leaves, which may be shed as early as in summer. The major aims of this study were: (1) to assess the effect of infestation by HCLM on ring-width dynamics in common horse-chestnut; (2) to determine the date of invasion of the pest; and (3) to compare the growth-climate response in the period before and after the invasion of HCLM. In 2017 in north-western Poland, samples from 30 horse-chestnut trees for the dendrochronological analysis were taken with help of a Pressler increment borer. The ring-width chronology was developed using standard dendrochronological methods. Dendroclimatological analyses were made in 2 periods: before the determined date of HCLM invasion (till the year 1999) and after the invasion (in 20002016). In 2000, in spite of favourable weather conditions, a reduced growth rate was observed in 91% of the analysed trees. The period of strong reductions lasted till 2010. Before the invasion, radial growth rate was dependent on temperature and precipitation in May and June of the current year, whereas after the invasion, the growth-climate response was dependent on temperature and precipitation in the preceding year and the correlation was stronger. Surprisingly, in recent years (2011–2016), in spite of infestation by HCLM every year, the health condition of the analysed trees has improved and tree-ring width has increased.

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