Abies spectabilis shows stable growth relations to temperature, but changing response to moisture conditions along an elevation gradient in the central Himalaya

Following the standard method of Global Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA), we performed a systematic investigation of vascular plant species distribution along a subalpine to nival gradient in the Central Himalaya. Our study aims to identify the richness and distribution patterns of vascular plant species and biogeographic groups under current climatic conditions and make predictions for their distribution under warmer conditions anticipated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Species richness decreased along an increasing elevation gradient. Aspect also influenced richness levels along the study gradient. Biogeographically, a majority of taxa were Himalayan endemics, followed by species with pan-Himalayan distribution. A complete turnover of indicator species along the elevation gradient was observed due to distinct phytoclimates. Twenty three percent of the plant species recorded in the present study showed a narrow elevation amplitude (<1250 masl) and are projected to be most sensitive to rising global surface temperatures. Taxa with restricted geographical distribution and narrow elevation amplitude must adapt through range shift to compensate for expected future increases in temperature. However, limited habitat availability may hinder the ability of high alpine species to migrate upward in elevation.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2015) 9: 27–39

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Community structure and regeneration pattern of Abies spectabilis in Sagarmatha National Park, Central Himalaya, Nepal

Banko Janakari ◽

10.3126/banko.v29i1.25150 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 12-24

Author(s):

A. B. Nagarkoti ◽

M. L. Pathak ◽

B. Pandey ◽

A. Devkota

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Species Diversity ◽

National Park ◽

Elevation Gradient ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Seedling Mortality ◽

Regeneration Pattern ◽

Sagarmatha National Park ◽

Abies Spectabilis

Community structure and regeneration pattern of Abies spectabilis was studied along the elevation gradient from 2750 to 3550 m asl in mixed forest of A. spectabilisin Sagarmatha National Park, eastern Nepal. Various community attributes (viz. importance percentage, species diversity and beta diversity) and population characteristics (e. g. density- diameter, bar diagram) were analysed. Out of the thirty four species recorded from the study forest, A. spectabilis was the co-dominant species with high species diversity. Total tree density was the highest at 3450 m and the lowest at 3550 m. Elevation appeared to be the important environmental factor that affects the community attributes of the study forest. The curve for A . spectabilis solely was lightly deviated from the typical reverse J-shaped which indicates a discontinuous regeneration pattern. The distribution of the seedling and sapling distribution was not uniform. Seedling mortality was found relatively medium and development of seedlings into saplings was also low. The lower number of sapling might be due to moderate disturbance (grazing and trampling) by livestock or due to environmental factors. The use of Abies tree for construction and firewood might be the reason of un sustainability.

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Tree ring variability and climate response of Abies spectabilis along an elevation gradient in Mustang, Nepal

Banko Janakari ◽

10.3126/banko.v24i1.13473 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 3-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

D. K. Kharal ◽

H. Meilby ◽

S. Rayamajhi ◽

D. Bhuju ◽

U. K. Thapa

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Global Climate ◽

Elevation Gradient ◽

Ring Width ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Spring Temperature ◽

Central Nepal ◽

Abies Spectabilis

In mountainous areas including the Himalayas, tree lines are expected to advance to higher altitudes due to global climate change affecting the distribution and growth of plant species. This study aimed at identifying the tree ring variability of Abies spectabilis (D. Don) and its response to the climate along an elevation gradient in the high Himalayas of central Nepal. Tree core samples were collected from four sites in Mustang district. All sites were located in the same valley and exposed to similar weather conditions. Out of 232 samples collected from the sites, Titi lower (2700 m), Titi upper (2900 m), Pangukhark (3100 m) and Lete upper (3300 m), 44, 40, 39 and 41 series were successfully cross-dated and ring-width chronologies including 168, 79, 138 and 156 years previous to 2012 were developed, respectively. Statistically significant differences in average annual radial growth were noted among the four sites with the highest radial growth observed at mid-elevation sites. Chronological statistics based on residual chronologies for the common period revealed that A. spectabilis at the upper elevation site was more climate sensitive than at the other three sites. At the highest-elevation sites the correlation between pre-monsoon precipitation and tree growth was positive, and for the month of May this was statistically significant (p<0.05). Moreover, spring temperature (March-June) was negatively correlated with precipitation and with tree growth at all sites, and at the upper elevation site (3300 m) the correlation was significant for March, April and May. Banko Janakari, Vol. 24, No. 1 pp. 3-13

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Different responses of avian feeding guilds to spatial and environmental factors across an elevation gradient in the central Himalaya

Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1002/ece3.5040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 4116-4128 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhifeng Ding ◽

Jianchao Liang ◽

Yiming Hu ◽

Zhixin Zhou ◽

Hongbin Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Elevation Gradient ◽

Feeding Guilds ◽

Central Himalaya

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Strategi Penghimpunan Dana Zakat Pada Organisasi Pengelola Zakat Di Kabupaten Bantul

Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Widya Wiwaha Program Magister Manajemen ◽

10.32477/jrm.v2i2.169 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 129-140

Author(s):

Suci Utami Wikaningtyas ◽

Sulastiningsih Sulastiningsih

Keyword(s):

Research Use ◽

Stable Growth ◽

The Way

The level of poverty in Bantul regency is higher than the average of poverty in Yogyakart province. One of the way to decrease poverty is zakat. Decreasing of poverty can be efficient and effective, if zakat collection and distribution by zakat institution. In fact, zakat collection in zakat institution in Bantul regency is increase, but it is lower than zakat potentially. It is 10 pecent only. Furthermore, zakat institutions in Bantul regency need efficient and effective zakat collection strategy. Based on the information, this research use tool of analysis is Matriks SWOT 8K. The steps of this analysis such as determining variable of streghts, weaknesses, opportinities and threaths, determining indicator, determining value of equality, determining position of zakat instititution, finally determining strategy of zakat collection. The result of this research is the position of akat institions in Bantul regency is IB Quadrant and IIA Quadrant. So, Zakat Institutions should implement aggressive maintance strategy and stable growth strategy.Key Word : poverty, zakat, strategy

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Functional evenness of bird communities varies along the elevational gradient in Europe: Conservation implications

10.32942/osf.io/sx9n8 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Federico Morelli ◽

Yanina

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Elevation Gradient ◽

Bird Species ◽

Elevational Gradient ◽

Negative Association ◽

Bird Communities ◽

Breeding Bird ◽

Bird Species Richness ◽

Large Spatial Scale ◽

Functional Evenness

ContextThe negative association between elevation and species richness is a well-recognized pattern in macro-ecology. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate changes in functional evenness of breeding bird communities along an elevation gradient in Europe. MethodsUsing the bird data from the EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds we estimated an index of functional evenness which can be assumed as a measure of the potential resilience of communities.ResultsOur findings confirm the existence of a negative association between elevation and bird species richness in all European eco regions. However, we also explored a novel aspect of this relationship, important for conservation: Our findings provide evidence at large spatial scale of a negative association between the functional evenness (potential community resilience) and elevation, independent of the eco region. We also found that the Natura2000 protected areas covers the territory most in need of protection, those characterized by bird communities with low potential resilience, in hilly and mountainous areas.ConclusionsThese results draw attention to European areas occupied by bird communities characterized by a potential lower capacity to respond to strong ecological changes, and, therefore, potentially more exposed to risks for conservation.

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Variation of plant communities along an elevation gradient in the Guandi Mountains, North China

Community Ecology ◽

10.1556/comec.5.2004.2.10 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 227-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J.T. Zhang ◽

T.G. Chen

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

North China ◽

Elevation Gradient

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Aging of polymer composite materials under loading. (See Beginning in #10-2020)

All the materials Encyclopedic Reference Book ◽

10.31044/1994-6260-2020-0-11-2-12 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2-12

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Polymer Composite ◽

Polymer Composite Materials ◽

Cyclic Loads ◽

Reinforced Plastics ◽

Water Exposure ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Bending Loads ◽

Moisture Conditions

A study review of aging polymer composite materials (PCM) under different heat-moisture conditions or water exposure with the sequential or parallel influence of static or cyclic loads in laboratory conditions is presented. The influence of tension and bending loads is compared. Conditions of the different load influence on parameters of carbon-reinforced plastics and glass-reinforced plastics are discussed. Equipment and units for climatic tests of PCM under loading are described. Simulation examples of indices of mechanical properties of PCM under the influence of environment and loads are shown.

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