Multiple-effect desiccant-based zero liquid discharge desalination systems

The multiple effect evaporator (MEE) is an energy intensive step in the kraft pulping process. The exergetic analysis can be useful for locating irreversibilities in the process and pointing out which equipment is less efficient, and it could also be the object of optimization studies. In the present work, each evaporator of a real kraft system has been individually described using mass balance and thermodynamics principles (the first and the second laws). Real data from a kraft MEE were collected from a Brazilian plant and were used for the estimation of heat transfer coefficients in a nonlinear optimization problem, as well as for the validation of the model. An exergetic analysis was made for each effect individually, which resulted in effects 1A and 1B being the least efficient, and therefore having the greatest potential for improvement. A sensibility analysis was also performed, showing that steam temperature and liquor input flow rate are sensible parameters.

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Multiple-Effect Solar Distillers

22nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference ◽

10.2514/6.1987-9334 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

Ho-Ming Yeh ◽

Shau-Wei Tsai ◽

Nien Tung Ma

Keyword(s):

Multiple Effect

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Innovative and sustainable concept of regeneration of decolorization ion exchange resins

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si13033 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 381-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.A. Theoleyre ◽

Anne Gonin ◽

Dominique Paillat

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Salt Solutions ◽

Nanofiltration Membranes ◽

Industrial Efficiency ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Multiple Effect ◽

Exchange Resins

Regeneration of resins used for decolorization of sugar solutions is done with concentrated salt solutions. Nanofiltration membranes have been proven effective, in terms of industrial efficiency in decreasing salt consumption. More than 90% of the salt that is necessary for regeneration can be recycled through a combination of direct recycling of intermediate eluates, the separation of colored compounds by use of very selective nanofiltration membranes and a multiple-effect evaporation of salty permeates. The desalted color compound solution is sent to the molasses, limiting considerably the effluent to be treated. Starting from a liquor of 800 IU, the water requirement is limited to less than 100 L/t of sugar and the amount of wastewater can be reduced to less than 40 L/t of sugar.

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Innovative concepts of regeneration of decolorization ion exchange resins in sugar refineries

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si17497 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 377-380

Author(s):

Marc André Théoleyre ◽

Anne Gonin ◽

Dominique Paillat

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Salt Solutions ◽

Nanofiltration Membranes ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Multiple Effect ◽

Exchange Resins

Regeneration of resins used for decolorization of sugar solutions is done with concentrated salt solutions. Nanofiltration membranes have been proven effective, in terms of industrial efficiency in decreasing salt consumption. More than 90% of the salt that is necessary for regeneration can be recycled through a combination of direct recycling of intermediate eluates, the separation of colored compounds by use of very selective nanofiltration membranes and a system to concentrate salty permeates. According to specific local conditions on energy supply and cost, the concentration of salty permeates can be either a multiple effect evaporator or a combination of electrodialysis and reverse osmosis. The desalted color compound solution is sent to the molasses, limiting considerably the effluent to be treated. Starting from a liquor of 800 IU, the water requirement is limited to less than 100 L/t of sugar and the amount of wastewater can be reduced to less than 40 L/t of sugar.

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