Development of a rapid diagnostic assay for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley C. Lindsey ◽  
Evelyn S. Woodruff ◽  
Diane Weed ◽  
David C. Ward ◽  
Robert D. Jenison
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antimikroba Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Ceremai [Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels] terhadap Bakteri Resisten Antimikroba dan Jamur dengan Metode KLT Bioautografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanny Mulqie ◽  
Kusnandar Anggadireja
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Phyllanthus Acidus ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Resistensi dan toksisitas antimikroba menyebabkan penggunaan obat herbal sebagai alternatif  pengobatan berbagai penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mikroba. Ekstrak etanol daun ceremai memiliki aktivitas terhadap VRE, MRCNS, dan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba fraksi etil asetat daun ceremai terhadap bakteri resisten antimikroba [Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)] dan jamur uji (Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum, dan Aspergillus niger) dengan metode KLT bioautografi. Fraksinasi dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut dengan tingkat kepolaran yang berbeda, yaitu n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air. KLT bioautografi pada fraksi etil asetat daun ceremai dilakukan menggunakan fase diam silika gel GF254 dan pengembang etil asetat-asam format-asam asetat-air (100:10:10:22), menggunakan sitroborat sebagai penampak bercak. Pada hasil kromatogram terdapat 5 noda yang berfluoresensi hijau kekuningan dengan nilai rf noda 1 sebesar 0,35; noda 2 sebesar 0,43, noda 3 sebesar 0,62, noda 4 sebesar 0,75 dan noda 5 sebesar 0,90 setelah plat disemprot oleh sitroborat dan dilihat di bawah sinar UV. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dengan metode KLT bioautografi menunjukkan terbentuknya zona bening yang dihasilkan noda pada plat yang ditempelkan pada media. Fraksi etil asetat daun ceremai memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap bakteri resisten antimikroba (MRSA, MRCNS, dan VRE) dan jamur  uji (Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum, dan Aspergillus niger) yang dihasilkan oleh noda 1 (rf 0,35), noda 2 (rf 0,43), noda 3 (rf 0,62), noda 4 (rf 0,75), dan noda 5 (rf 0,90). Golongan senyawa yang diduga memiliki aktivitas antimikroba adalah flavonoid.

scholarly journals 698. 8 Years of Infective Endocarditis in Intravenous and Non-Intravenous Drug Users a Single Center Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S400-S401
Author(s):  
Rodolfo M Alpizar-Rivas ◽  
Javier Balda ◽  
Salwa Elarabi ◽  
Bertrand Jaber ◽  
Claudia Nader
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Single Center Experience

Abstract Background Despite advances in diagnosis and management, infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Given the emergence of drug- resistant organisms, it is unclear whether this has impacted the characteristics and outcomes of IE among intravenous drug users (IDUs) and non-IDUs. Methods We conducted a single center retrospective cohort study. 306 records of hospitalized adults diagnose with IE by ICD-9/ICD-10 codes were identified from 2011 to 2018. 244 patients met criteria. IRB approval was obtained. The baseline demographic, microbiologic, echocardiographic variables and outcomes were extracted from the chart, and compared between IDUs and non-IDUs. Results 112 (45.9%) patients were IDUs and significantly younger (mean age 36 vs. 64, p< 0.001). Both methicillin-sensitive (44.6% vs. 23.5%, p< 0.001) and methicillin-resistant (29.5% vs. 13.6%, p= 0.002) Staphylococcus aureus associated IE were more prevalent in IDUs compared to non-IDUs. Streptococcus species (22.7% vs 11.6%, p=0.02), excluding Enterococcus species, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (12.1% vs 1.8%, p=0.002) were significantly more prevalent in non-IDUs. IE in IDUs were more likely to have tricuspid valve vegetations (56.3% vs. 13.6%, p< 0.001), whereas non-IDUs were more likely to have mitral valve (39.4% vs. 25%, p=0.02) and aortic valve vegetations (46.2% vs. 15.2%, p< 0.001). 19% of patients with IE underwent valve replacement within 6 months, and 17% died within 90 days. A multivariable model that included age, gender, and IDU status, age was the only variable that remained independently associated with 90-day mortality (adjusted OR 1.031; 95% CI 1.006, 1.057; p< 0.01). Conclusion In this single-center experience, we found that methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was the dominant organism among IDUs and non-IDUs. We also found that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was significantly more prevalent among IDUs with IE. Provably related to an increase prevalence of colonization with resistant organisms in the community. Despite the shift in prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among IDUs, there was no increased 90-day mortality risk after adjustment for age and gender. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Screening of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare workers and students and its susceptibility to mupirocin in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutang Babat Ain Tiewsoh ◽  
Meena Dias
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

Abstract BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus is the most common pathogen causing infection in hospitals. They also colonize the healthcare workers who serve as reservoir of infection. Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a burning issue throughout the world contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Use of mupirocin to eradicate the carrier state is the need of the hour. OBJECTIVES: To screen healthcare workers (HCWs) and medical students for MRSA and to know the susceptibility of mupirocin in this group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 432 students, nursing staff, doctors and house-keeping staff were screened for MRSA for 4 months. The MRSA and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCoNS) isolates were then tested for mupirocin resistance. RESULTS: Out of 432 samples, 24 (5.55%) were MRSA and 104 (24.07%) were MRCoNS. Only 4.16% (n = 1) showed high-level resistance to mupirocin among the MRSA isolates, while resistance among MRCoNS was higher at 6.7% (n = 7) for low-level resistance and 17.30% (n = 18) for high-level resistance. CONCLUSION: MRSA colonization of HCWs may serve as a source of infection and mupirocin resistance should be screened for all whether working in Intensive Care Units or not and if detected, alternative treatment should be used which will result in appropriate use of this antibiotic for decolonization.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus Directly from Positive Blood Cultures by Use of the BD Max StaphSR Assay

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 3900-3904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. Ellem ◽  
Tom Olma ◽  
Matthew V. N. O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Standard Culture

The BD Max StaphSR assay is an automated qualitativein vitrodiagnostic test for the direct detection and differentiation of methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA) and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA). A total of 460 specimens were tested, and the results were compared with standard culture-based identification. MRSA was detected in 48 samples (sensitivity of 100%; positive predictive value [PPV] of 100%). MSSA was detected in 112 samples (sensitivity of 99.1%; PPV of 100%), and 299 samples containing coagulase-negative staphylococcus and nonstaphylococcal species were negative by the BD Max StaphSR assay (specificity of 100%; negative predictive value [NPV] of 99.7 to 100%).

scholarly journals Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ready-to-Eat Shellfish (Corbiculid heterodont) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Seighazi Regina Egege ◽  
Nedie Patience Akani ◽  
Chidiebele Emmanuel Ikechukwu Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Awareness Campaigns

Aims/Objective: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a dominant cause of severe healthcare-associated (HA) infections but has recently emerged as Community-Associated (CA-MRSA) and Livestock-Associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). This study was carried out to detect the presence of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Corbiculid heterodont in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Place of Study: This study was conducted in Yenagoa, Southern Ijaw and Sagbama Local Government Areas, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Methodology: Fifty-three samples (dried, fried and stewed) of the RTE C. heterodont were collected and subjected to standard microbiological procedures. Results: Seventy Staphylococcus spp. were isolated, consisting of 65 (92.86%) S. aureus and 5 (7.14%) coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS). Out of the 65 S. aureus isolates, 53.8% were MRSA. Susceptibility pattern of MRSA showed a decreasing trend of resistance in the order: Amoxacillin, Ampicillin-Cloxacillin, Cefoxitin, and Oxacillin (100%) > Streptomycin (82.9%) >Ceftriaxone (40%) >Cefuroxime (31.4%), > Ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (17.1%) > Gentamycin and Pefloxacin (8.6%) > Erythromycin (2.9%).Out of the 65 S. aureus isolates, 62 (95.4%) had Multidrug Resistance Index > 0.2 while 3 (4.6%) had 0.2 as their Multidrug Resistance Index. The MRSA isolates were 100% Multidrug Resistant (MDR) while the Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) were 90% MDR. Molecular characterization of ten S. aureus isolates confirmed 80% S. aureus isolates and 20% CONS (S. sciuri and S. warneri).  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Agarose gel-electrophoresis were used to detect the presence of mecA gene, a gene that confers methicillin resistance. The mecA gene with size 500bp was identified in 50% of MRSA. This study reported presence of MRSA and MDR S. aureus in C. heterodont sold in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. This could be the avenue for the spread of MRSA. Public health awareness campaigns should be advocated to enhance hygienic practices in the handling and distribution of food.

scholarly journals A Study of Microbial Colonisation of Orthopaedic Tourniquets

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
SMY Ahmed ◽  
R Ahmad ◽  
R Case ◽  
RF Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

INTRODUCTION Tourniquets are employed widely in orthopaedic surgery. The use of the same tourniquet on a repetitive basis without a standard protocol for cleaning may be a source of cross-infection. This study examines the contamination of the tourniquets in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Agar plates were used to take samples from 20 tourniquets employed in orthopaedic procedures. Four sites on each tourniquet were cultured and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. RESULTS All sampled tourniquets were contaminated with colony counts varying from 9 to > 385. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. were the most commonly grown organisms from the tourniquets (96%).Some tourniquets had growths of important pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas spp., and S. aureus. On cleaning five tourniquets with Clinell (detergent and disinfectant) wipes (GAMA Healthcare Ltd, London, UK), there was a 99.2% reduction in contamination of the tourniquets 5 min after cleaning. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the manufacturers' guidelines, we recommend the cleaning of tourniquets with a disinfectant wipe before every case.

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