Khảo sát các điều kiện lên men và hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa của rượu vang chùm ruột (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) SKEELS)

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện với mục tiêu xác định các điều kiện ảnh hưởng đến quá trình lên men rượu vang chùm ruột (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) sử dụng dòng nấm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Phần mềm Design Expert 7.0 được sử dụng để xác định các thông số tối ưu bao gồm pH, độ Brix và MSNM. Kết quả cho thấy với pH 4,77, 24,79°Brix và MSNM ban đầu là 8,08 x 106, tế bào/mL sau 14 ngày lên men cho độ cồn cao nhất đạt 8,88 % v/v. Mười một hợp chất thực vật từ dịch trái và rượu vang chùm ruột được xác định thông qua phương pháp quang phổ bao gồm steroid, triterpenoid, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, quinone, saponin, antocyanin, glucose, carotenoid và alkaloid. Hàm lượng polyphenol tổng của rượu vang chùm ruột cao hơn dịch trái, cụ thể là 297,573 mg GAE/L và 174,549 mg GAE/L. Sau quá trình lên men, khả năng khử gốc DPPH của rượu vang chùm ruột có giá trị IC50 là 45,132 μL/mL, tăng so với dịch chùm ruột ban đầu với giá trị IC50 là 59,973 μL/mL, cho thấy rượu vang chùm ruột có khả năng kháng oxy hóa tốt hơn dịch trái chùm ruột ban đầu.

Analisis Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Beberapa Jenis Tanaman terhadap Bakteri Patogen pada Budidaya Ikan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia serta aktivitas antibakteri sepuluh jenis tanaman terhadap bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus dan Aeromonas hydropilla. Dipilih 10 jenis tanaman yang sering digunakan sebagai obat dan banyak ditemukan di kota Kupang seperti tanaman Phyllanthus acidus, Euphorbia hirta, Persea gratissima, Euphorbia thymifolia, Morus australis, Justica gendarussa, Paederia scandeus, Annona squamosa, Sesbania sesban, dan Jatropha gossypifolia. Bagian tanaman yang digunakan adalah daun, kecuali E. hirta dan E. thymifolia digunakan seluruh bagian tanaman. Kesepuluh jenis tanaman tersebut dibuat bubuk, kemudian diekstraksi dengan cara dimaserasi secara bertingkat mulai dari pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat dan metanol, selain itu, juga digunakan ekstrak air tanaman tersebut. Semua jenis ekstrak tanaman diuji antibakteri dengan menggunakan metode cakram. Jenis ekstrak yang aktif selanjutnya diuji antibakteri pada konsentrasi 10%, 1% dan 0,1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri pada budidaya ikan laut adalah esktrak air dan metanol E. hirta dan E. thymifolia. Sedangkan jenis tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri pada budidaya ikan air tawar adalah ekstrak air E. hirta dan E. thymifolia daun J. gendarussa.

Formulation and physical evaluation of facial cream preparations from Ceremai fruit juice (Phyllanthus acidus (l.) Skeels)

Introduction: Ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) fruit contains AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acids) compounds which are widely used as a moisturizer or as an exfoliating process in cosmetics production. It also contains vitamin C and flavonoids, both of which acts as whitening agents. Aim: This study aims to utilise a source of natural AHA active substances found in P.acidus in face cream preparations. Methods: The juice from P.acidus was dried by freeze-drying method and formulated into a cream with the preparation process evaluated for one month. Results: The observation results showed that after one month, there was no change in colour during storage, with the pH, viscosity and spreadability of the cream in the range 4.5-6.2, 2700-3996 cps, and 4.8-5.7 cm, respectively. Conclusion: P.acidus fruit juice containing AHA can be formulated into a face cream with good physical stability.

STUDI ETNOBOTANI JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN BERACUN PADA SUKU DAWAN KECAMATAN FATULEU TENGAH, KABUPATEN KUPANG (Ethnobotany study of poisonous plants in Dawan Tribe Fatuleu Tengah Subdistrict, Kupang District)

Poisonous plants are plants containing a poison that can cause pain or death. The people of the Dawan Fatuleu Tengah tribe have used poisonous plants in their daily lives. However, these types of poisonous plants have not been well documented. The purpose of the present study was to determine the types of poisonous plants and their utilization by the Dawan Fatuleu Tengah tribe. The data collection was conducted by interviewing the respondents for the use of poisonous plants. The obtained results showed that eight types of poisonous plants from six families used by the Dawan Fatuleu Tengah tribe, namely arbila nuts (Phaseolus lonatus L.), tubaroot (Deris elliptica L.), cassava (Manihot esculent), sengon (Paraserianthes faltacataria L.), ginje (Thevetia peruvianan), kecubung (Datura metel L.), ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus L.), and biduri (Calotropis gigantean L.). The Dawan Fatuleu Tengah tribe community uses these poisonous plants to poison fish in the river for consumption, as a natural pesticide, to kill insect disease vectors, and for attacking the enemy. Abstrak Tumbuhan beracun merupakan tumbuhan yang mengandung racun dan dapat menyebabkan rasa sakit atau kematian. Masyarakat suku Dawan Fatuleu Tengah telah lama memanfaatkan tumbuhan beracun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun, sampai saat ini jenis-jenis tumbuhan beracun tersebut belum terinventarisasi dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan beracun dan pemanfaatannya oleh suku Dawan Fatuleu Tengah. Teknik pengambilan data berupa pengambilan sampel responden dapat dilakukan dengan menghimpun keterangan melalui wawancara tentang pemanfataan tumbuhan beracun. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 8 jenis tumbuhan beracun dari 5 famili yang dimanfaatkan suku Dawan Fatuleu Tengah yaitu kacang arbila (Phaseolus lonatus L.), akar tuba (Deris elliptica L.), ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta), sengon (Paraserianthes faltacataria L), ginje (Thevetia peruviana), kecubung (Datura metel L), ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus L), biduri (Calotropis gigantean L). Masyarakat suku Dawan Fatuleu Tengah memanfaatkan tumbuhan beracun tersebut untuk meracuni ikan di sungai untuk dikonsumsi, sebagai pestisida alami, untuk membunuh serangga vektor penyakit, dan juga untuk menyerang musuh.