scholarly journals A Study of Microbial Colonisation of Orthopaedic Tourniquets

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
SMY Ahmed ◽  
R Ahmad ◽  
R Case ◽  
RF Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

INTRODUCTION Tourniquets are employed widely in orthopaedic surgery. The use of the same tourniquet on a repetitive basis without a standard protocol for cleaning may be a source of cross-infection. This study examines the contamination of the tourniquets in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Agar plates were used to take samples from 20 tourniquets employed in orthopaedic procedures. Four sites on each tourniquet were cultured and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. RESULTS All sampled tourniquets were contaminated with colony counts varying from 9 to > 385. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. were the most commonly grown organisms from the tourniquets (96%).Some tourniquets had growths of important pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas spp., and S. aureus. On cleaning five tourniquets with Clinell (detergent and disinfectant) wipes (GAMA Healthcare Ltd, London, UK), there was a 99.2% reduction in contamination of the tourniquets 5 min after cleaning. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the manufacturers' guidelines, we recommend the cleaning of tourniquets with a disinfectant wipe before every case.

scholarly journals MRSA – ‘Bug-Bear’ of a Surgical Practice: Reducing the Incidence of MRSA Surgical Site Infections

2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Guyot ◽  
Graham Layer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Department Of Health

Adverse publicity (the ‘superbug') has demonstrated that the problem of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is prevalent in many of the country's most prestigious hospitals. The results of the mandatory UK Department of Health (DH) surveillance for early surgical site infections in orthopaedic surgery (SSIS) have been published recently for the period April 2004 to March 2005 when 41,242 operations were studied (< http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/Publications/PublicationsStatistic > 28 October 2005). Infection rates were generally and gratifyingly low but 48% of surgical site infections were caused by Staph. aureus and of those 68% were MRSA. The following article will discuss the aetiology and prevention of MRSA surgical site infection.

scholarly journals Analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by IS1181 profiling

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. SYMMS ◽  
B. COOKSON ◽  
J. STANLEY ◽  
J. V. HOOKEY
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Insertion Element ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Genomic Location ◽  
Strain Nctc

Variation in the genomic location and copy number of the insertion element IS1181 in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was investigated. Sixty-three isolates representing the Jevons type strain (NCTC 10442), phage-propagating strains, and epidemic strains were examined. A PCR amplicon of the insertion element was used to probe genomic restriction endonuclease digests. HindIII genomic digests gave 25 distinct IS1181 patterns, while EcoRI digests gave 20 patterns. EMRSA-01, -02, -04, -06, -07, -09, -10, -11, -13 and -14 contained the element but could not be subtyped by profiling it. EMRSA-16 did not contain IS1181, consistent with a unique evolutionary origin for this major UK epidemic strain. Marked heterogeneity was observed among isolates of EMRSA-03. Each EMRSA-03 strain examined gave a unique pattern, thereby allowing subtyping of an important epidemic phage type for the purposes of hospital cross-infection control.

scholarly journals Strategy to control methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus post-operative infection in orthopaedic surgery

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. De Lucas-Villarrubia ◽  
M. Lopez-Franco ◽  
J. J. Granizo ◽  
J. C. De Lucas-Garcia ◽  
E. Gomez-Barrena
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

scholarly journals Characterization of Gentamicin-Susceptible Strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Involved in Nosocomial Spread

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Lemaître ◽  
Wladimir Sougakoff ◽  
Afef Masmoudi ◽  
Marie-Hélène Fievet ◽  
Roland Bismuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Selection Of

We report an outbreak of epidemic Staphylococcus aureusstrains characterized by an unusual heterogeneous resistance to methicillin and resistance to tobramycin but susceptibility to gentamicin (gentamicin-susceptible methicillin-resistant S. aureus [GS-MRSA]), contrasting with gentamicin-resistant homogeneous MRSA (GR-MRSA) that have been endemic in our hospital since the 1970s. A total of 97 GS-MRSA strains, which were shown by DNA hybridization to carry the mecA and ant(4′)-Iagenes, were studied. The 40 GS-MRSA strains isolated at the beginning of the outbreak (January 1992 to June 1993) were typed by using resistance patterns, phage typing, serotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and were compared with GR-MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains isolated during the same period. Two dominant clones, A::1 and B::3, and one minor clone, C::5, were identified among the 40 GS-MRSA strains, according to pulsotypes (A to C) and their resistance patterns (1, 3, and 5), which were distinguishable from those of GR-MRSA and MSSA strains. A selection of 57 GS-MRSA strains, isolated from 1994 to 1996, were clustered in the same three clones. However, their distribution had changed in comparison with that in the 1992 to 1993 period: clone A::1 remained dominant (47 versus 42.5%), whereas clone B::3 progressively declined (5 versus 35%) and clone C::5, the most susceptible to antibiotics, spread (44 versus 2.5%). Epidemiological investigations revealed that some clones had been introduced via patients transferred from other hospitals and that cross-infection occurred within and between wards. Major changes in the use of antibiotics, especially aminoglycosides, cyclines, and macrolides, likely played a role in the emergence and spread of GS-MRSA strains.

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