Factors contributing to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. horizontal transmission events: exploration of the role of antibacterial consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise M. Gilbert ◽  
Teresa R. Zembower ◽  
Nathaniel J. Rhodes ◽  
Chao Qi ◽  
Sandra Reiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

scholarly journals Companion psittacine birds as reservoir of gentamicin and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Bruna G. Cabral ◽  
Yamê M. Davies ◽  
Márcia Cristina Menão ◽  
Andre B.S. Saidenberg ◽  
Vasco Túlio M. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
High Level ◽  
Human Infections

ABSTRACT: Enterococcus are recognized worldwide as significant nosocomial agents that have been continuously envolving to adapt to different niches and acquire resistance to several antibiotic classes. Vancomycin and gentamicin-resistant strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium have been associated with nosocomial human infections. Some epidemiological studies suggest the participation of pets as reservoirs of vancomycin and gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus strains. However, the role of companion birds as reservoirs of these strains has been poorly studied. In this study, 126 psittacine birds were evaluated and 26.9% carried Enterococcus spp., including the species E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. hirae, E. phoeniculicola, E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus. The antibiotic resistance profile showed four high-level gentamicin-resistance (HLGR) strains. In addition, two strains presented intermediate levels of vancomycin resistance. Resistant strains were isolated from fecal and oropharynx samples of sick and clinically healthy birds, suggesting that psittacine birds may act as reservoirs of HLGR Enterococcus spp. However, sick birds appear to be more implicated in the enterococci transmission than healthy birds.

scholarly journals 794. The Role of the Environment in Healthcare-associated Transmission of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus: A Proof of Concept Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S493-S493
Author(s):  
Amber L Linkneheld-Struk ◽  
Victoria R Williams ◽  
Lorraine Maze Dit Mieusement ◽  
Natasha Salt ◽  
Adrienne Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Population ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Environmental Cleaning ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Hygiene Compliance

Abstract Background Transmission of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) from environment to patient and patient to patient can both occur in healthcare settings. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a cohort of exposed patients on an inpatient unit with an extensive VRE outbreak needed to switch physical locations with a non-exposed patient population. By comparing outcomes of both cohorts, we aimed to determine the role of the physical environment (both direct and indirect contact) as compared to the patient population, in ongoing VRE transmission. Methods From 10 March to 21 April 2021, 41 new nosocomial acquisitions of VRE were detected as part of a VRE outbreak on a 34-bed acute care unit. Prior to the switch of units, extensive cleaning of the unit was conducted including electrostatic adjuncts to standard cleaning and environmental swabbing for VRE yielded no positive surfaces. The exposed cohort included 3 of 30 patients with VRE while the non-exposed cohort had 0 of 28 VRE positive patients based on prevalence testing on 21 April 2021. Following the physical relocation of both cohorts on 22 April, 2021, prospective VRE screening was performed on both units for one month including on admission, discharge and weekly prevalence screening. Hand hygiene compliance rates on both units was measured using group electronic monitoring. Results Figure 1 depicts the timeline and number of VRE cases before and after the unit switch. Following relocation of the VRE exposed cohort to the new unit, no further VRE transmission was detected (0/235 VRE screens; 0 VRE cases per 1000 patient days). Conversely, there were new VRE transmissions (3/99 VRE screens, 5 VRE cases per 1000 patient days) in the non-exposed cohort. When the units resumed their original location, one additional case of VRE was identified in the exposed cohort upon return to their original location. These transmissions occurred despite HH compliance of 94% (141,610/150,706) during the entire study period on the outbreak unit, which was consistently higher than on the non-outbreak unit (141,589/227,136, 62%).Figure 1. Conclusion The environmental reservoir for VRE may be more important in transmission than the patient reservoir. These findings underscore the importance of environmental cleaning to contain VRE outbreaks. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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