The killing of social leaders: An unintended effect of Colombia's illicit crop substitution program

2022 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 103550
Author(s):  
Lucas Marín Llanes
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Effect

scholarly journals Performance and Regeneration of Methane Oxidation Catalyst for LNG Ships

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Kati Lehtoranta ◽  
Päivi Koponen ◽  
Hannu Vesala ◽  
Kauko Kallinen ◽  
Teuvo Maunula
Keyword(s):  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Poisoning ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Unintended Effect ◽  
Methane Slip

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) use as marine fuel is increasing. Switching diesel to LNG in ships significantly reduces air pollutants but the methane slip from gas engines can in the worst case outweigh the CO2 decrease with an unintended effect on climate. In this study, a methane oxidation catalyst (MOC) is investigated with engine experiments in lean-burn conditions. Since the highly efficient catalyst needed to oxidize methane is very sensitive to sulfur poisoning a regeneration using stoichiometric conditions was studied to reactivate the catalyst. In addition, the effect of a special sulfur trap to protect the MOC and ensure long-term performance for methane oxidation was studied. MOC was found to decrease the methane emission up to 70–80% at the exhaust temperature of 550 degrees. This efficiency decreased within time, but the regeneration done once a day was found to recover the efficiency. Moreover, the sulfur trap studied with MOC was shown to protect the MOC against sulfur poisoning to some extent. These results give indication of the possible use of MOC in LNG ships to control methane slip emissions.

Causal Analyses of Public Debt and Structural Adjustment

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pastor Ansah
Keyword(s):  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Structural Mechanism ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
Adjustment Program ◽  
Unintended Effect ◽  
Adjustment Policies ◽  
The Impact

The impact of structural adjustment program on the economic situation in many African countries can not be overemphasised. Over two decades of implementing neo-liberal economic policies by the Bretton Woods institution, it is of great importance to document the lessons learnt. This paper elicits the structural mechanism representing the intended effect of structural adjustment policies and the unintended effects observed from the implementation of the structural adjustment policies. The assumptions and hypotheses implicit in the main structural adjustment policies, as well as the observed unintended effect of the policies are clearly elicited with a causal loop diagram.

Mercury’s Words

2017 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Guillory
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Prose Style ◽  
Unintended Effect ◽  
Plain Style ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Opening Up

This essay offers a new interpretation of a longstanding and unresolved controversy concerning the origins of modern prose style. Setting aside causal explanations proposed for the marked changes in prose style during the later seventeenth century, I argue that what emerges in urgent polemics for the “plain style” is a recognition of prose itself as a medium of composition. This intuition about the nature of prose had the unintended effect of liberating prose from its immemorial subordination to the system of rhetoric and opening up new possibilities for its exploitation as a means of communication.

scholarly journals An Unintended Effect of Financing the University Education of the Most Brilliant and Poorest Colombian Students: The Case of the Intervention of the Ser Pilo Paga Program

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pablo Medina ◽  
Natalia Ariza ◽  
Pablo Navas ◽  
Fernando Rojas ◽  
Gina Parody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
University Education ◽  
Entrance Exam ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Unintended Effect ◽  
Colombian Government ◽  
New Students ◽  
The University

In this paper, we show an unintended effect of the program Ser Pilo Paga (SPP) that was a flagship program of the Colombian government between 2014 and 2018. It was designed as an intervention in the Colombian Higher Education System (CHES) by awarding, in the steady state, individual funding to about 40,000 students. Every year, 10,000 new students were chosen from the best applicants in the top decile of the population in the entrance exam to higher education in Colombia that also came from families that live under the level of poverty according to a national survey. Our approach, based on an intensive study of the changes in the statistical distributions of the exam scores during these four years, provides evidence of student performance improvements not only of the beneficiaries of the program, but also of the whole student population. This shows that the program opened similar opportunities for all the students, especially for the poorest ones. The program drove a reduction in the gap between students of the upper strata of the population and those of the lowest strata that usually did not access a high quality institution of higher education due to the lack of funding. This result has opened a debate about the optimal way of funding higher education.

scholarly journals The Unintended Effect of Attention to the New Nutrition Facts Label Formats on Consumer Purchase Intentions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 726-726
Author(s):  
Pimbucha Rusmevichientong ◽  
Ryan Ebrahim ◽  
Jessica Nila ◽  
Ivana Cheng ◽  
Jie Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
State University ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Research Award ◽  
Unintended Effect ◽  
Single Column ◽  
Dual Column

Abstract Objectives To assess the effect of new Nutrition Facts Label (NFL) formats on consumer purchase intentions. Methods The study conducted a within-subject design experiment. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups (newly designed NFL formats proposed by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the control group as follows: 1) a new standard NFL format, which is displayed in a newly designed single-column format, in which the number of calories and nutrients of a multiple-serving product are presented based upon one serving, 2) a dual-column NFL format, which is displayed in a two-column format, in which the number of calories and nutrients are presented based on “per serving” and “per container/package” basis, 3) a single-serving container NFL format, which is displayed in a single-column format in which only the number of calories and nutrients per package/container are presented, and 4) an original NFL format, which had been previously used before. Total 673 college students in the U.S. completed an online experiment survey. An ordered probit regression model was used in the analysis. Results The single-serving container NFL had the largest effect. Subjects who were presented with this format were 26.2% more likely to decrease their purchase intentions. The dual-column NFL (22.1%) and the new standard NFL (15.1%) had the smaller effect. The 27% of the effect of the single-serving container NFL on decreasing purchase intentions was associated with the increase in the anticipated guilt of consumption, followed by the dual-column NFL (24.74%) and the new standard NFL (9.29%), respectively. Conclusions The newly designed NFL formats attract more consumer attention. The formats significantly decreased consumer purchase intentions in which the effect was mediated by the significant increase in the anticipated guilt of consumption.They are more effective than the original NFL format in improving mindful consumption. Funding Sources Junior/Senior Intramural Research Award 2016/2017, California State University Fullerton.

Doctors at War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark de Rond
Keyword(s):  
Compassion Fatigue ◽  
Surgical Team ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Playing God ◽  
Good People ◽  
Unintended Effect ◽  
Surgical Teams

This book is a candid account of a trauma surgical team based, for a tour of duty, at a field hospital in Helmand, Afghanistan. It tells of the highs and lows of surgical life in hard-hitting detail, bringing to life a morally ambiguous world in which good people face impossible choices and in which routines designed to normalize experience have the unintended effect of highlighting war's absurdity. With stories that are at once comical and tragic, the book captures the surreal experience of being a doctor at war. It lifts the cover on a world rarely ever seen, let alone written about, and provides a poignant counterpoint to the archetypical, adrenaline-packed, macho tale of what it is like to go to war. Here the crude and visceral coexist with the tender and affectionate. The book tells of well-meaning soldiers at hospital reception, there to deliver a pair of legs in the belief that these can be reattached to their comrade, now in mid-surgery; of midsummer Christmas parties and pancake breakfasts and late-night sauna sessions; of interpersonal rivalries and banter; of caring too little or too much; of tenderness and compassion fatigue; of hell and redemption; of heroism and of playing God. This is one of the first books ever to bring to life the experience of the doctors and surgical teams tasked with mending what war destroys.

The protected lab

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denielle Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Security Guards ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Unintended Effect ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Research Facilities

This visual essay considers the links between medical research and securitization, and asks how they reconfigure local landscapes in East Africa. Humanitarian aid, including global medicine, has emerged as a ‘military therapeutic complex’, especially in African nations where the HIV/AIDS epidemic has drawn enormous contributions from states and transnational NGOs (Nguyen 2009; Fassin and Pandolfi 2010). One unintended effect of this therapeutic assemblage is a concern with security, particularly for US state institutions conducting research or providing treatment. US research facilities and laboratories are fenced, with access mediated by security guards and locked gates. State actors working overseas live in approved housing, bound by a complex set of regulations about safety and security. This essay and photographs reflect the ways in which physical structures transform local landscapes as part of the global health industrial complex and raise a number of questions about the politics of spaces, both private and public, in humanitarian projects.

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