Psychoactive drugs citalopram and mirtazapine caused oxidative stress and damage of feeding behavior in Daphnia magna

Abstract Citalopram (CTP) and mirtazapine (MTP) are two typical psychoactive drugs used for the treatment of depression. As emerging pollutants, CTP and MTP are of widely concern because they are active substances for organisms. However, the studies about the toxicity potential of CTP/MTP pollution to aquatic organisms were limited. In the present study, the effects of CTP and MTP on the feeding behavior, heartbeat, nutritional enzymes and related gene expressions of Daphnia magna were investigated under single and mixed environmental stress. Meanwhile, the recovery of exposed D. magna was studied to analyze the toxic persistence of those pollutants. After 24 h of exposure, the ingestion rate decreased significantly under 1.45 mg/L of CTP. In the mixed treatment groups, no significant synergistic effect of CTM and MTP on daphnia’ feeding inhibition was found. After 24 h of recovery, the feeding behavior of D. magna was stimulated by compensatory stimulation. At exposure period, the heartbeat rate of exposed D. magna increased significantly, and was recovered during the recovery period. The activity of α-amylase (AMS) and trypsin, and their relative gene expression were significantly changed in most of the exposed daphnia, both in the exposure period and recovery period. But there were different responses between gene transcription with enzyme activity. In general, psychoactive drugs have an obvious toxic threat to aquatic organisms, and after acute exposure, the physiological function of D. magna could be recovered to a certain extent. The results were helpful to evaluate the ecological risk of psychotropic drugs in aquatic environments.

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Combined Toxicity and Toxicity Persistence of Antidepressants Citalopram and Mirtazapine to Zooplankton Daphnia Magna

10.21203/rs.3.rs-608054/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yunfeng Ma ◽

Dong Xu ◽

Chenyang Li ◽

Shu Wei ◽

Ruixin Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Daphnia Magna ◽

Ingestion Rate ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Psychoactive Drugs ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Combined Toxicity ◽

Active Substances

Abstract Citalopram (CTP) and mirtazapine (MTP) are two typical psychoactive drugs used for the depression treatment. As emerging pollutants, CTP and MTP has been given widely concern because they are active substances for organisms. Therefore, the ecotoxicological risks of aquatic organisms should be paid more attention to. In this study, the effects of CTP and MTP on the feeding behavior, heartbeat, nutritional enzymes and related gene transcriptions of Daphnia magna were investigated under single and mixed environmental stress. Meanwhile, the recovery of exposed D. magna was studied to analyze the toxic persistence of those pollutants. After 24-hexposure, the ingestion rate decreased by 34.2% and 21.5%, in the group of C-H and Mix-H respectively. After 24-h recovery, the feeding behavior of D. magna was stimulated by compensatory stimulation. In exposure period, the heartbeat rate of D. magna increased by 132.3%, 69%, 111.9%, 139.4%, and 92.4%, in the group of C-L, C-H, M-L, M-H and Mix-L respectively, and was recovered during the recovery period. The activity of α-amylase (AMS) and trypsin were significantly changed in most of the exposed daphnia, both in the exposure period and recovery period. CTP/MTP exposure stimulated transcription of the α-amylase gene. M-H and Mix-H exposure inhibited transcription of the trypsin gene and other stimulated transcriptions. After 24-h recovery, the stimulative or inhibitory effects were alleviated. There were different responses between gene transcription and enzyme activity. In conclusion, our results highlighted the toxic effects of single and mixed pollution of CTP and MTP on feeding, heartbeat, enzymes and genes of D. magna.

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Assessment of ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in Daphnia magna: life-history traits, biochemical and genotoxic effects

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2018.255 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2017 (3) ◽

pp. 835-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Nunes ◽

C. Leal ◽

S. Rodrigues ◽

S. C. Antunes

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Life History ◽

Daphnia Magna ◽

Metabolic Response ◽

Damage Index ◽

Continuous Exposure ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Damage Scenarios ◽

Life History Parameters

Abstract Antibiotics (e.g. ciprofloxacin) have been detected in surface water and groundwater for several decades. In order to understand the potential impact of the continuous exposure of aquatic organisms to ciprofloxacin, a chronic assay was carried out with Daphnia magna. This approach allowed evaluation of the effects of ciprofloxacin on life-history and sub-individual parameters (antioxidant status and metabolic response: activities of catalase and glutathione S-transferases – GSTs; peroxidative damage; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and genotoxic effects (genetic damage index, measured by the comet assay). Life-history parameters of D. magna showed no significant effects after ciprofloxacin exposure. Concerning oxidative stress and metabolism parameters, no significant alterations were reported for catalase and GSTs activities. However, a dual response was observed, with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation levels at low ciprofloxacin concentrations (<0.013 mg/L), while a significant increase was verified at high ciprofloxacin concentrations (0.078 mg/L). The genotoxicity assay detected a significant increase in genetic damage index up to 0.013 mg/L of ciprofloxacin. The here-tested ciprofloxacin concentrations, which are ecologically relevant, did not cause significant impacts concerning the life-history parameters of D. magna; however, at the same levels of ciprofloxacin an oxidative stress and genotoxic damage scenarios were recorded.

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