scholarly journals Simultaneous comparison of modified-integrated water quality and entropy weighted indices: Implication for safe drinking water in the coastal region of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 106229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Anwar Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Simultaneous Comparison ◽  
Entropy Weighted

scholarly journals Public Demand for Improved Urban Water Supply Services in Multan

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Junaid Alam Memon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Water Charges

Governments in developing countries face financial constraints to ensure supply of clean drinking water. They may benefit from increasing water charges for those who are be willing to pay little extra in lieu of their demand for improvement in water quality and service. To check the plausibility of this proposal, we investigated drinking water supply and quality, and welloff consumers demand for improved service delivery in Shah-Rukun-e-alam and Mumtazabad towns in Multan city of Pakistan. Qualitative data obtained through a questionnaire survey was analyzed using descriptive and regression techniques. Qualitative information obtained through semi structured interviews was helpful in designing survey questionnaire and to elaborate quantitative results. Results reveal that the respondents accord high importance to the provision of safe drinking water than to other daily household needs. The demand for improvement in water supply parameters exceeds the demand for improvements in water quality parameters, with the reliable supply being the most demanded improvement. Majority realize the government’s budget constraints in improving service delivery. Most respondents would pay PKR 100 in addition to what they are paying now. Their willingness to pay (WTP) this amount correlates with their awareness on water and health nexus, and depends household income, number of children under 14 years age and awareness of actual water quality tested through laboratory. Besides recommending raise of water charges by PKR 100 per month per household in both towns, the service quality improvement may consider interventions such as mobile water testing laboratory and awareness campaigns motivate citizens to pay for safe drinking water.

Off-flavor as the consumer's measure of drinking water safety

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
Health Related

If consumers detect an off-flavor in their drinking water, they are likely to believe that it probably is not safe. Water utilities will be defeating their best efforts to provide safe drinking water if they only meet health-related regulations and do not provide water that is free of off-flavor problems. The purpose of this paper is to explore the current U.S. regulatory environment and discuss how these regulations can adversely impact the control of off-flavors in drinking water. Utilities should adopt a water quality goal that allows them to not only meet the minimums of the regulations, but also meet the customer's highest standards - water that is free of off-flavors.

scholarly journals Characterizing a Newly Designed Steel-Wool-Based Household Filter for Safe Drinking Water Provision: Hydraulic Conductivity and Efficiency for Pathogen Removal

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul Tepong-Tsindé ◽  
Arnaud Igor Ndé-Tchoupé ◽  
Chicgoua Noubactep ◽  
Achille Nassi ◽  
Hans Ruppert
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Steel Wool

This study characterizes the decrease of the hydraulic conductivity (permeability loss) of a metallic iron-based household water filter (Fe0 filter) for a duration of 12 months. A commercial steel wool (SW) is used as Fe0 source. The Fe0 unit containing 300 g of SW was sandwiched between two conventional biological sand filters (BSFs). The working solution was slightly turbid natural well water polluted with pathogens (total coliform = 1950 UFC mL−1) and contaminated with nitrate ([NO3−] = 24.0 mg L−1). The system was monitored twice per month for pH value, removal of nitrate, coliforms, and turbidity, the iron concentration, as well as the permeability loss. Results revealed a quantitative removal of coliform (>99%), nitrate (>99%) and turbidity (>96%). The whole column effluent depicted drinking water quality. The permeability loss after one year of operation was about 40%, and the filter was still producing 200 L of drinking water per day at a flow velocity of 12.5 L h−1. A progressive increase of the effluent pH value was also recorded from about 5.0 (influent) to 8.4 at the end of the experiment. The effluent iron concentration was constantly lower than 0.2 mg L−1, which is within the drinking-water quality standards. This study presents an affordable design that can be one-to-one translated into the real world to accelerate the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals for safe drinking water.

scholarly journals The Right to Water Before Investment Tribunals

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ursula Kriebaum
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical Access ◽  
Maritime Environment

Access to safe drinking water and potential water degradation have played a role in many water-related investment arbitrations. This paper looks at two different types of investment cases that have emerged with an impact on water: First, it analyses cases that have arisen from privatizations in the water sector. They mainly concern problems connected with physical access to water and affordability. Second, it discusses cases concerning investments in other industries that have the potential to degrade water quality or to have a negative impact on the maritime environment. Using these typical constellations it focuses on the methodology tribunals adopt to deal with potential tensions between the right to water and investor rights.

scholarly journals Approximating Community Water System Service Areas to Explore the Demographics of SDWA Compliance in Virginia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13254
Author(s):  
Cristina Marcillo ◽  
Leigh-Anne Krometis ◽  
Justin Krometis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Water System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Service Areas

Although the United States Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) theoretically ensures drinking water quality, recent studies have questioned the reliability and equity associated with community water system (CWS) service. This study aimed to identify SDWA violation differences (i.e., monitoring and reporting (MR) and health-based (HB)) between Virginia CWSs given associated service demographics, rurality, and system characteristics. A novel geospatial methodology delineated CWS service areas at the zip code scale to connect 2000 US Census demographics with 2006–2016 SDWA violations, with significant associations determined via negative binomial regression. The proportion of Black Americans within a service area was positively associated with the likelihood of HB violations. This effort supports the need for further investigation of racial and socioeconomic disparities in access to safe drinking water within the United States in particular and offers a geospatial strategy to explore demographics in other settings where data on infrastructure extents are limited. Further interdisciplinary efforts at multiple scales are necessary to identify the entwined causes for differential risks in adverse drinking water quality exposures and would be substantially strengthened by the mapping of official CWS service boundaries.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Consumption of Water from a Newly Introduced Safe Drinking Water System: The Case of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Systems in Bangladesh

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Badrul Hasan ◽  
Peter P. J. Driessen ◽  
Shantanu Majumder ◽  
Annelies Zoomers ◽  
Frank van Laerhoven
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Water System ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Managed Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Intensity Of Competition

Rather than committing exclusively to one drinking water option, households in Bangladesh often use a portfolio of sources that, in varying ways, to varying extents satisfy one or more out of several preferences they hold with regard to their drinking water. What happens if a new option is added to that mix? In communities of Bangladesh’ Southwestern coastal region where a new option (managed aquifer recharge, or MAR) was recently introduced, we observe variation in the extent to which this source contributes to satisfying households’ drinking water needs. Using multiple linear regression (n = 636 households), we found that perceived risk, costs, taste, self-efficacy, and form and intensity of competition with alternative drinking water options matter significantly.

Widespread global concern over harm from drinking water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sera Young ◽  
Joshua Miller ◽  
Chad Staddon ◽  
Aaron Salzberg ◽  
Julius Lucks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Poor drinking water quality is a global crisis that affects billions of individuals. Understanding who is most impacted is necessary to develop programs that ensure sustainable, reliable, and resilient access to safe water. But current water indicators do not capture people’s experienced and anticipated harm from drinking water, which means we have had limited understanding of how individuals conceptualize, navigate, and are affected by their water environment. Here, we analyzed data from nationally representative surveys undertaken in 142 countries in which people reported their recent experiences and future expectations of harm from drinking water. Prevalence of reported harm from drinking water in the prior two years was 14.5% (range: 0.8%–54.3%). More than half of the world’s population (54.4%) anticipated that they would experience serious harm from their drinking water in the next two years. Greater public sector corruption was associated with greater anticipated harm from drinking water, even when adjusting for indicators of water infrastructure and economic development. Disparities in anticipated harm across countries and by gender and household location indicate that targeted policies are required to address risk perceptions, equitably improve access to safe drinking water, and increase trust in institutions that supply and regulate water services. The addition of experiential survey data to global data collection efforts will complement objective water quality data and provide novel insights about which strategies will most effectively advance progress toward safe drinking water for all.

Water Quality and Willingness to Pay for Safe Drinking Water in Tala Upazila in a Coastal District of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nepal C. Dey ◽  
Mahmood Parvez ◽  
Ratnajit Saha ◽  
Mir Raihanul Islam ◽  
Tahera Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Coastal District

Design and operation of a rainwater for drinking (RFD) project in a rural area: case study at Cukhe Elementary School, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Dzung Dao ◽  
Duc Canh Nguyen ◽  
Moo Young Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Daily Rainfall Data ◽  
Simplified Method

Abstract Since 2014, a well-designed rainwater for drinking (RFD) project has been successfully operating at Cukhe Elementary School, near Hanoi, Vietnam. During that time, daily rainfall data, water consumption, water quality and questionnaires to the community were prepared. Several concerns over the design and operation of RFD projects, such as lack of sufficient rainfall data, water quality concerns, and public acceptance, are identified and overcome. Modeled results from using observed daily rainfall data, and using a simplified method from insufficient monthly data, are compared. The simplified method using insufficient rainfall data is acceptable for design within the error range of 0–11%. Rainwater quality after the use of the point of use treatment device proved that a well-designed rainwater harvesting (RWH) system ensures safe drinking water, which complies with WHO and Vietnam drinking water quality standards (VDWQS) guidelines. The people of the community liked the RFD system because of the satisfactory water quality and the economic benefits of not needing to purchase bottled water. The success of the RFD project at the Cukhe Elementary School proved the potential of promoting rainwater as drinking water in rural areas in developing countries, where a safe drinking water supply is a challenge, and should be promoted as an important means to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6.

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