Identifying the key sectors in the carbon emission flows along the production chain paths: A network perspective

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jean Bosco Nzeyimana ◽

Joseph Butore ◽

Libère Ndayishimiye ◽

Melchior Butoyi

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Crisis Response ◽

Production Chain ◽

Global Institutions ◽

Livestock Sector ◽

Export Restrictions ◽

Key Sectors ◽

Financial Losses ◽

Vulnerable Population Groups

Covid-19 represents an unprecedented public health threat and a severe crisis of society globally. Government agencies, policymakers and the global institutions, on the other hand, should give particular attention to and try to alleviate the problem (present and prospective) of the pandemic and related crisis response on key sectors that contribute to food stability, nutrition and livelihoods. The livestock sector plays an essential role in these areas, particularly for the particularly vulnerable population groups. Covid-19’s effects on livestock production are still largely unsubstantiated and not fully felt. Although case studies are not yet possible, observational data show interruptions in livestock’s entire value chain. The consequences of Covid-19 on the livestock production chain are in particular interruptions throughout the entire livestock value chain, lack of sales markets, import/export restrictions due to border closures, substantial financial losses to producers, increased cases of food insecurity.

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EDITORIAL: Migration and competitiveness: Japan and the United States

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v10i2.138 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 115-124

Author(s):

Philip L. Martin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Variable Cost ◽

Fixed Cost ◽

Special Issue ◽

Science And Engineering ◽

The Past ◽

Past Half Century ◽

Key Sectors ◽

Past Half

Japan and the United States, the world’s largest economies for most of the past half century, have very different immigration policies. Japan is the G7 economy most closed to immigrants, while the United States is the large economy most open to immigrants. Both Japan and the United States are debating how immigrants are and can con-tribute to the competitiveness of their economies in the 21st centuries. The papers in this special issue review the employment of and impacts of immigrants in some of the key sectors of the Japanese and US economies, including agriculture, health care, science and engineering, and construction and manufacturing. For example, in Japanese agriculture migrant trainees are a fixed cost to farmers during the three years they are in Japan, while US farmers who hire mostly unauthorized migrants hire and lay off workers as needed, making labour a variable cost.

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CREATING WALKING LED TRANSIT STATIONS FOR WOMEN IN MALAYSIA

Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment ◽

10.24191/myse.v7i1.8912 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Yong Adilah Shamsul Harumain ◽

Nur Farhana Azmi ◽

Suhaini Yusoff

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

The Other ◽

Walking Distance ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road ◽

Female User

Transit stations are generally well known as nodes of spaces where percentage of people walking are relatively high. The issue is do more planning is actually given to create walkability. Creating walking led transit stations involves planning of walking distance, providing facilities like pathways, toilets, seating and lighting. On the other hand, creating walking led transit station for women uncover a new epitome. Walking becomes one of the most important forms of mobility for women in developing countries nowadays. Encouraging women to use public transportation is not just about another effort to promote the use of public transportation but also another great endeavour to reduce numbers of traffic on the road. This also means, creating an effort to control accidents rate, reducing carbon emission, improving health and eventually, developing the quality of life. Hence, in this paper, we sought first to find out the factors that motivate women to walk at transit stations in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey with 562 female user of Light Railway Transit (LRT) was conducted at LRT stations along Kelana Jaya Line. Both built and non-built environment characteristics, particularly distance, safety and facilities were found as factors that are consistently associated with women walkability. With these findings, the paper highlights the criteria which are needed to create and make betterment of transit stations not just for women but also for walkability in general.

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Economic Growth and Defence Spending: An Efficiency Analysis of Romania’s Conscription Suspension

International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION ◽

10.2478/kbo-2020-0051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 44-51

Author(s):

Alin Teodor Huseraș ◽

Andrei Ciprian Spînu

Keyword(s):

Graphical Analysis ◽

Defense Spending ◽

National Defense ◽

Effective Management ◽

External Funding ◽

The Public ◽

Defence Spending ◽

Key Sectors ◽

The Military ◽

Theoretical Issues

AbstractNational defense is one of the key sectors responsible for maintaining national security, being considered at the same time an element of great importance and strict necessity of the public sector. The performance of defense functions and missions are closely linked to the military capabilities of this sector, which in turn depend on the budget for defense spending. This paper deals with some theoretical issues in the economic field of defense, regarding the size of defense spending in GDP and their social effects. It is also trying to carry out an analysis on the efficiency versus inefficiency in the use of defense resources, to finance the two types of recruitment systems, namely: by conscription or voluntary will. In order to be able to achieve the above, graphical analysis methods and calculation dermination method were used. The efficiency of spending public funds depends on both objective factors such as: distribution of a certain share of GDP to a certain area; attracting internal and external funding, as well as subjective factors, like: allocating resources to certain categories of expenses; allocating resources to certain defense programs; effective management of these resources by the competent structures. Therefore, for a program to be considered effective, it must meet the requirements of the collective needs of society, be rationally implemented and be sustainable.

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