scholarly journals Modeling the distances traveled by flying insects based on the combination of flight mill and mark-release-recapture experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Robinet ◽  
Guillaume David ◽  
Hervé Jactel
Keyword(s):  
Flight Mill ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Mark Release Recapture

scholarly journals Hox dosage contributes to flight appendage morphology in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Paul ◽  
Guillaume Giraud ◽  
Katrin Domsch ◽  
Marilyne Duffraisse ◽  
Frédéric Marmigère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Hox Proteins ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Flying Insects

AbstractFlying insects have invaded all the aerial space on Earth and this astonishing radiation could not have been possible without a remarkable morphological diversification of their flight appendages. Here, we show that characteristic spatial expression profiles and levels of the Hox genes Antennapedia (Antp) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) underlie the formation of two different flight organs in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We further demonstrate that flight appendage morphology is dependent on specific Hox doses. Interestingly, we find that wing morphology from evolutionary distant four-winged insect species is also associated with a differential expression of Antp and Ubx. We propose that variation in the spatial expression profile and dosage of Hox proteins is a major determinant of flight appendage diversification in Drosophila and possibly in other insect species during evolution.

scholarly journals Advances in automatic identification of flying insects using optical sensors and machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Kirkeby ◽  
Klas Rydhmer ◽  
Samantha M. Cook ◽  
Alfred Strand ◽  
Martin T. Torrance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Remote Sensor ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive

AbstractWorldwide, farmers use insecticides to prevent crop damage caused by insect pests, while they also rely on insect pollinators to enhance crop yield and other insect as natural enemies of pests. In order to target pesticides to pests only, farmers must know exactly where and when pests and beneficial insects are present in the field. A promising solution to this problem could be optical sensors combined with machine learning. We obtained around 10,000 records of flying insects found in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) crops, using an optical remote sensor and evaluated three different classification methods for the obtained signals, reaching over 80% accuracy. We demonstrate that it is possible to classify insects in flight, making it possible to optimize the application of insecticides in space and time. This will enable a technological leap in precision agriculture, where focus on prudent and environmentally-sensitive use of pesticides is a top priority.

scholarly journals Southeast Asian clearwing moths buzz like their model bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Skowron Volponi ◽  
Luca Pietro Casacci ◽  
Paolo Volponi ◽  
Francesca Barbero
Keyword(s):  
Slow Motion ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Batesian Mimicry ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Warning Signals ◽  
Visual Model ◽  
Flying Insects

Abstract Background The endless struggle to survive has driven harmless species to evolve elaborate strategies of deceiving predators. Batesian mimicry involves imitations of noxious species’ warning signals by palatable mimics. Clearwing moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), incapable of inflicting painful bites or stings, resemble bees or wasps in their morphology and sometimes imitate their behaviours. An entirely unexplored type of deception in sesiids is acoustic mimicry. We recorded the buzzing sounds of two species of Southeast Asian clearwing moths, Heterosphecia pahangensis and H. hyaloptera and compared them to their visual model bee, Tetragonilla collina, and two control species of bees occurring in the same habitat. Recordings were performed on untethered, flying insects in nature. Results Based on eight acoustic parameters and wingbeat frequencies calculated from slow-motion videos, we found that the buzzes produced by both clearwing moths highly resemble those of T. collina but differ from the two control species of bees. Conclusions Acoustic similarities to bees, alongside morphological and behavioural imitations, indicate that clearwing moths display multimodal mimicry of their evolutionary models.

Nanoparticles as potential external markers for mark‐release‐recapture studies on Tribolium castaneum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Gurdasani ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Michelle A. Rafter ◽  
Gregory J. Daglish ◽  
Gimme H. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Mark Release Recapture

scholarly journals Distribution of flying insects across landscapes with intensive agriculture in temperate areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 107889
Author(s):  
C.J.M. Musters ◽  
Tracy R. Evans ◽  
J.M.R. Wiggers ◽  
Maarten van 't-Zelfde ◽  
Geert R. de Snoo
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Flying Insects

The toxicity of some insecticidal sprays to adult locusts

1962 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. MacCuaig
Keyword(s):  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Single Drop ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Tentative Explanation

The toxicities of sprays of some insecticides used against locusts have been determined. The LD50's of γ BHC, diazinon, and dieldrin to both flying and settled adults of Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.) were between 0·9 and 1·5 times those of the same formulations when applied as a single drop to the abdomen. The toxicity of these insecticides was not affected by the size of the spray droplets when these ranged from about 60 to 250 µ in diameter. The toxicity of DNC, however, was always less by spray application than when applied by micro-drop syringe and was affected by the droplet diameter (droplets of 100 µ being 1·5 times as toxic as those of 200–230 µ) and by whether the locusts were sprayed in flight or when tethered on a card (those in flight being about 1·6 times as susceptible to 100 µ droplets as those at rest). A tentative explanation of this effect is given.The speed of action of the insecticides was compared and the effects of flight activity on susceptibility to the insecticides when sprayed over the flying insects was examined, but none could be detected by the technique used.

scholarly journals Design and Validation of Computerized Flight-Testing Systems with Controlled Atmosphere for Studying Flight Behavior of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2112
Author(s):  
Maged Mohammed ◽  
Hamadttu El-Shafie ◽  
Nashi Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Flight Tunnel ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Flight Testing ◽  
Flight Mill ◽  
The Mean

Understanding the flight characteristics of insect pests is essential for designing effective strategies and programs for their management. In this study, we designed, constructed, and validated the performance of modern flight-testing systems (flight mill and flight tunnel) for studying the flight behavior of red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) under a controlled atmosphere. The flight-testing mill consisted of a flight mill, a testing chamber with an automatically controlled microclimate, and a data logging and processing unit. The data logging and processing unit consisted of a USB digital oscilloscope connected with a laptop. We used MATLAB 2020A to implement a graphical user interface (GUI) for real-time sampling and data processing. The flight-testing tunnel was fitted with a horizontal video camera to photograph the insects during flight. The program of Image-Pro plus V 10.0.8 was used for image processing and numerical data analysis to determine weevil tracking. The mean flight speed of RPW was 82.12 ± 8.5 m/min, and the RPW stopped flying at the temperature of 20 °C. The RPW flight speed in the flight tunnel was slightly higher than that on the flight mill. The angular deceleration was 0.797 rad/s2, and the centripetal force was 0.0203 N when a RPW tethered to the end of the rotating arm. The calculated moment of inertia of the RPW mass and the flight mill's rotating components was 9.521 × 10−3 N m2. The minimum thrust force needed to rotate the flight mill was 1.98 × 10−3 N. Therefore, the minimum power required to rotate the flight mill with the mean revolution per min of 58.02 rpm was approximately 2.589 × 10−3 W. The designed flight-testing systems and their applied software proved productive and useful tools in unveiling essential flight characteristics of test insects in the laboratory.

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