Why should Southern economies stay in the Euro Zone? The role of labor markets

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Barbier-Gauchard ◽  
Francesco De Palma ◽  
Giuseppe Diana
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Euro Zone

Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 534-562
Author(s):  
Matthew O. Jackson ◽  
Brian W. Rogers ◽  
Yves Zenou
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Market Outcomes

What is the role of social networks in driving persistent differences between races and genders in education and labor market outcomes? What is the role of homophily in such differences? Why is such homophily seen even if it ends up with negative consequences in terms of labor markets? This chapter discusses social network analysis from the perspective of economics. The chapter is organized around the theme of externalities: the effects that one’s behavior has on others’ welfare. Externalities underlie the interdependencies that make networks interesting to social scientists. This chapter discusses network formation, as well as interactions between people’s behaviors within a given network, and the implications in a variety of settings. Finally, the chapter highlights some empirical challenges inherent in the statistical analysis of network-based data.

Just DM Me (Politely): Direct Messaging, Politeness, and Hiring Outcomes in Online Labor Markets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yili Hong ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
Gordon Burtch ◽  
Ni Huang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Job Fit ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Online Labor Markets ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Prospective Employer ◽  
Online Labor

This study examines the role of text-based direct messaging systems in online labor markets, which provide a communication channel between workers and employers, adding a personal touch to the exchange of online labor. We propose the effect of workers’ use of the direct messaging system on employers’ hiring decisions and conceptualize the information role of direct messaging. To empirically evaluate the information role of the direct messaging system, we leverage data on the direct messaging activities between workers and employers across more than 470,000 job applications on a leading online labor market. We report evidence that direct messaging with a prospective employer increases a worker’s probability of being hired by 8.9%. However, the degree to which workers benefit from direct messaging is heterogeneous, and the effect amplifies for workers approaching employers from a position of disadvantage (lacking tenure or fit with the job) and attenuates as more workers attempt to message the same prospective employer. The effects also depend on message content. In particular, we find that the benefits of direct messaging for workers depend a great deal on the politeness of the workers, and this “politeness effect” depends on several contextual factors. The beneficial effects are amplified for lower-status workers (i.e., workers lacking tenure and job fit) and workers who share a common language with the employer. At the same time, the beneficial effects weaken in the presence of typographical errors. These findings provide important insights into when and what to message to achieve favorable hiring outcomes in online employment settings.

Education Attainment and Feminization of Labor Markets in Arab Countries with Comparisons to Eastern and Central European Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 292-311
Author(s):  
Fatima-Zohra Filali Adib ◽  
Amale Achehboune
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Central European ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Development Processes

The feminization of labor markets through the role of education is among the means that enhance the participation of women to development and ensure further involvement of human resources in the growth and development processes. While this is a process that is highly pursued in most developed economies, it is not clearly seen to be pervasive in most developing countries. The Arab economies are among those countries where lower participation of women is observed but where education can be an important leverage for further feminization of labor markets. These issues are discussed in the present chapter to underline the role of education in Arab economies.

The Evolution of the Role of Women in Labor Markets in Developed Economies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Elisabeth T. Pereira ◽  
Stefano Salaris
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
And Gender

The role of women in labor markets has been characterized by great changes in the last century, with gender inequalities decreasing in most developed countries. The stereotypes related to women in labor markets have been hard to break within social norms and cultures. Many efforts have been made in recent decades by governments and national and international institutions to decrease and promote women's empowerment and gender equality in labor markets. This chapter has as its main purposes to provide an overview of the evolution of the role of women in labor markets in developed countries and to investigate this evolution based on a set of variables: gender participation rates, education, employment, the gender gap in management, wages and the gender wage gap, and public policies and laws. However, despite the positive evolution of the participation rate of women in labor markets that has been observed in recent decades, gender inequalities still persist.

Trade and Labor Market Dynamics: General Equilibrium Analysis of the China Trade Shock

Econometrica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Caliendo ◽  
Maximiliano Dvorkin ◽  
Fernando Parro
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Transition Costs ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Labor Market Dynamics ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Labor Dynamics

We develop a dynamic trade model with spatially distinct labor markets facing varying exposure to international trade. The model captures the role of labor mobility frictions, goods mobility frictions, geographic factors, and input‐output linkages in determining equilibrium allocations. We show how to solve the equilibrium of the model and take the model to the data without assuming that the economy is at a steady state and without estimating productivities, migration frictions, or trade costs, which can be difficult to identify. We calibrate the model to 22 sectors, 38 countries, and 50 U.S. states. We study how the rise in China's trade for the period 2000 to 2007 impacted U.S. households across more than a thousand U.S. labor markets distinguished by sector and state. We find that the China trade shock resulted in a reduction of about 0.55 million U.S. manufacturing jobs, about 16% of the observed decline in manufacturing employment from 2000 to 2007. The U.S. gains in the aggregate, but due to trade and migration frictions, the welfare and employment effects vary across U.S. labor markets. Estimated transition costs to the new long‐run equilibrium are also heterogeneous and reflect the importance of accounting for labor dynamics.

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