scholarly journals Analysis of traffic and industrial source contributions to ambient air pollution with nitrogen dioxide in two urban areas in Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 1553-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiru Paraschiv ◽  
Lizica-Simona Paraschiv
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Industrial Source ◽  
Source Contributions

scholarly journals Development of Land Use Regression Model for Seasonal Variation of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4933
Author(s):  
Saimar Pervez ◽  
Ryuta Maruyama ◽  
Ayesha Riaz ◽  
Satoshi Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Land Use Classification ◽  
Land Use Regression ◽  
Air Exposure

Ambient air pollution and its exposure has been a worldwide issue and can increase the possibility of health risks especially in urban areas of developing countries having the mixture of different air pollution sources. With the increase in population, industrial development and economic prosperity, air pollution is one of the biggest concerns in Pakistan after the occurrence of recent smog episodes. The purpose of this study was to develop a land use regression (LUR) model to provide a better understanding of air exposure and to depict the spatial patterns of air pollutants within the city. Land use regression model was developed for Lahore city, Pakistan using the average seasonal concentration of NO2 and considering 22 potential predictor variables including road network, land use classification and local specific variable. Adjusted explained variance of the LUR models was highest for post-monsoon (77%), followed by monsoon (71%) and was lowest for pre-monsoon (70%). This is the first study conducted in Pakistan to explore the applicability of LUR model and hence will offer the application in other cities. The results of this study would also provide help in promoting epidemiological research in future.

scholarly journals Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits in Toronto, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Szyszkowicz ◽  
Nicholas de Angelis
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
A Value

AbstractTo investigate the acute impact of various air pollutants on various disease groups in the urban area of the city of Toronto, Canada. Statistical models were developed to estimate the relative risk of an emergency department visit associated with ambient air pollution concentration levels. These models were generated for 8 air pollutants (lagged from 0 to 14 days) and for 18 strata (based on sex, age group, and season). Twelve disease groups extracted from the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) were used as health classifications in the models. The qualitative results were collected in matrices composed of 18 rows (strata) and 15 columns (lags) for each air pollutant and the 12 health classifications. The matrix cells were assigned a value of 1 if the association was positively statistically significant; otherwise, they were assigned to a value of 0. The constructed matrices were totalized separately for each air pollutant. The resulting matrices show qualitative associations for grouped diseases, air pollutants, and their corresponding lagged concentrations and indicate the frequency of statistically significant positive associations. The results are presented in colour-gradient matrices with the number of associations for every combination of patient strata, pollutant, and lag in corresponding cells. The highest number of the associations was 8 (of 12 possible) obtained for the same day exposure to carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and days with elevated air quality health index (AQHI) values. For carbon monoxide, the number of the associations decreases with the increasing lags. For this air pollutant, there were almost no associations after 8 days of lag. In the case of nitrogen dioxide, the associations persist even for longer lags. The numerical values obtained from the models are provided for every pollutant. The constructed matrices are a useful tool to analyze the impact of ambient air pollution concentrations on public health.

scholarly journals The Potential for Urban Vegetation to Mitigate Ambient Air Pollution Threats to Public Health

Topophilia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Sonak Patel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
Global Risk

This paper assesses the threat that ambient air pollution poses to urban public health and the potential role of urban vegetation to mitigate those threats. Air pollution is a major global risk to health, especially in urban areas. In this paper, four major air pollutants were assessed: particulate matter, tropospheric ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. These pollutants were found to have several adverse effects, including increasing mortality and respiratory morbidity. These pollutants come from a variety of sources, but a major contributor in urban areas is the burning of fossil fuels in automobiles. The adverse health effects of pollution are expected to grow as climate change worsens air quality. Research and case studies find that urban vegetation can filter air and remove pollutants through deposition and stomatal uptake. The effectiveness of air pollution removal is dependent upon specific variables, including leaf characteristics, type of vegetation, and seasons. Urban vegetation may worsen air quality in some cases due to slowing ventilation and producing biological volatile organic compounds. While urban vegetation has potential to mitigate ambient air pollution, conducting site specific research is needed when implementing greenspace policies.

scholarly journals Effect modification of perinatal exposure to air pollution and childhood asthma incidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1701884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éric Lavigne ◽  
Marc-André Bélair ◽  
Daniel Rodriguez Duque ◽  
Minh T. Do ◽  
David M. Stieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Perinatal Exposure ◽  
Asthma Incidence

Perinatal exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with childhood asthma incidence; however, less is known regarding the potential effect modifiers in this association. We examined whether maternal and infant characteristics modified the association between perinatal exposure to air pollution and development of childhood asthma.761 172 births occurring between 2006 and 2012 were identified in the province of Ontario, Canada. Associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and childhood asthma incidence (up to age 6 years) were estimated using Cox regression models.110 981 children with asthma were identified. In models adjusted for postnatal exposures, second-trimester exposures to particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (hazard ratio (HR) per interquartile range (IQR) increase 1.07, 95% CI 1.06–1.09) and nitrogen dioxide (HR per IQR increase 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.08) were associated with childhood asthma development. Enhanced impacts were found among children born to mothers with asthma, who smoked during pregnancy or lived in urban areas during pregnancy, males and children born preterm or of low birthweight.Prenatal exposure to air pollution may have a differential impact on the risk of asthma development, according to maternal and infant characteristics.

scholarly journals The effects of air pollution on the frequency of respiratory symptoms in the population of Nis and Niska Banja

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Stankovic ◽  
Dragana Nikic ◽  
Maja Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Low Concentrations

Introduction. Ambient air pollution, particularly in densely populated urban areas, is a major risk factor for the health of the exposed population. The respiratory tract is the primary target for air pollutants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of respiratory symptoms and diseases. Material and methods. Measurements of air pollutants: sulphur dioxide and soot particles, were carried out daily at the Institute of Public Health in Nis at two locations, in Nis and in Niska Banja, during the period 1999-2003. The Air Quality Index was calculated for both areas. The investigation included 654 women, nonsmokers, between 20-30 years of age, from two areas with different levels of common air pollutants. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases was determined on the basis of a modified WHO standard questionnaire completed by doctors. Results. The obtained results show that examinees from Nis had a statistically higher prevalence of some respiratory symptoms (cough with cold and phlegm) whereas women from Niska Banja had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of lower respiratory tract diseases. Conclusion. Long-term exposure to low concentrations of air pollutants is a contributing factor to the development of respiratory symptoms and diseases.

Modelling long-term averages of local ambient air pollution in Oslo, Norway: evaluation of nitrogen dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1/2/3) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Oftedal ◽  
Sam Erik Walker ◽  
Frederick Gram ◽  
Harold McInnes ◽  
Per Nafstad
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution

Laboratory Study of Asthmatic Volunteers Exposed to Nitrogen Dioxide and to Ambient Air Pollution

AIHAJ ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. AVOL ◽  
W.S. LINN ◽  
R.C. PENG ◽  
G. VALENCIA ◽  
D. LITTLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL AND HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION AND PEDIATRIC POPULATION HEALTH IN AREAS WITH DEVELOPED OIL INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 949-955
Author(s):  
Zulfiya B. Baktybaeva ◽  
R. A. Suleymanov ◽  
A. A. Kulagin ◽  
R. Kh. Giniyatullin ◽  
T. K. Valeev
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Oil Refining

Introduction. The ecological and hygienic state of the environment plays a major role in promoting pediatric population health. The ambient air pollutants are regarded as the primary environmental factor leading to the immunity reducing, thus provoking the development of various diseases. Material and methods. The data on the concentration of general toxicity chemicals in the ambient air of towns and districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan with the developed oil industry, as well as data on the state of pediatric health between 2007 and 2016. To identify possible links between medico-demographic indicators and toxicant concentration in the ambient air the Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated. Results. The Republican objects of the fuel and energy complex make the largest contribution to air pollution in the areas of their location. The gross emissions of such enterprises as Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim and Bashneft-Navoil amount to 43.69-49.77 thousand tons of pollutants per year. The presence of a number of air pollutants is detected above the standards in certain periods of time. The most commonly recorded excesses are for ammonia, suspended solids, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. In some areas where oil-extracting and oil-refining enterprises are located, there are high rates of general morbidity of the pediatric population, congenital anomalies, and diseases of the respiratory organs in children of the first year of life. Correlation analysis showed a close positive relationship between carbon monoxide content and the overall incidence rates of child circulation (r = 0.957) and blood disease indicators in infants (r = 0.821). Respiratory diseases correlate with nitrogen dioxide emissions (r = 0.899). Conclusion. Further development of the oil extracting, petrochemical and oil refining industries should be carried out taking into account the socio-economic conditions of the population.

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