Dramatic shifts in fungal communities following application of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth L.) in upland of Ultisol

The effect of cover-crop management on growth and yield of `Bravo' cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.), `Market Pride' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), and `Mustang' snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was determined. Each fall, `Wheeler' winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and `Oregon Crown' hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) were interseeded. The following spring, the cover crops were killed by either applying glyphosate and mowing (CC-G) or mowing and disking (CC-D). Trifluralin was preplant incorporated into bare ground as a conventional tillage (CT) treatment. In 1992 and 1993, a chicken (Gallus gallus L.) based fertilizer was applied to half the subplots. The greatest snap bean and cabbage yields were in CT. The system with the greatest tomato yields varied. In 1991, the greatest tomato yields were in the CT treatment, while in 1992 yields were greatest in the CT and CC-D treatments, and in 1993 the greatest yields were in CT and CC-G. Cabbage yields were greater in the fertilized than the unfertilized treatments. In 1992, infestations of diamondback moth, imported cabbageworm, and cabbage looper were greater in CT than in the CC-G treatment. Three years of the CC-G treatment increased soil organic matter from 3.07% to 3.48% and increased soil pH from 6.30 to 6.51, while neither changed in the CT. Chemical names used: N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate); 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipro`pyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine (trifluralin).

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Performance of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on silages made of whole-crop barley, whole-crop wheat, hairy vetch and grass

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960610791542325 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 116 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. HUUSKONEN ◽

E. JOKI-TOKOLA

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

A Priori ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Vicia Villosa ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Dairy Bulls

The present experiment was conducted to study diet digestibility, feed intake, animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on (1) whole-crop barley, (2) a mixture of whole-crop barley and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) or (3) a mixture of whole-crop wheat and hairy vetch relative to moderate digestible grass silage-based diet. The feeding experiment with 24 Finnish Ayrshire and 8 Holstein-Friesian bulls included 4 forage feeding treatments: (1) grass silage (G), (2) whole-crop barley and hairy vetch mixture silage (BHV), (3) whole-crop wheat and hairy vetch mixture silage (WHV) and (4) whole-crop barley silage (B). In all treatments animals were offered silage ad libitum. The amount of concentrate supplementation was 36 g (W0.75)-1 animal-1 day-1 for all treatments. The concentrate ration included rolled barley and rapeseed meal. Differences between the treatments were compared using an a priori test (Dunnetts test) so that comparison of the diets was based on the G diet. The animals were fed the experimental diets from day 240 to finish at day 505 of age. During the experiment the average concentrate proportions of G, BHV, WHV and B diets were 437, 424, 426 and 423 g dry matter (DM) (kg DM)-1, respectively. There were no significant differences in silage DM intake or in the total DM intake (DMI) (kg DM d-1) between treatments. However, DMI kg-1 W0.75 tended to be 3.5% higher (p = 0.09) in the B diet than in the G diet. Due to increasing energy intake, the gain of the bulls was higher with the G diet than with the WHV diet (p < 0.05). BHV and B diets did not differ from the G diet in gain. Treatments had no significant effect on the dressing proportion or carcass conformation. The carcass fat score of WHV bulls was 29% lower (p < 0.05) than that of the G bulls, but BHV and B diets did not differ from the G diet in carcass fatness. The feed conversion rate (DM intake kg-1 carcass gain) of the bulls was better (p < 0.001) and protein conversion (g AAT kg-1 carcass gain) tended to be better (p = 0.07) with the G diet than with the WHV diet. BHV and B diets did not differ from the G diet in any feed conversion parameters. It can be concluded that replacing moderate digestible grass silage with whole-crop wheat and hairy vetch mixture silage decreased the carcass gain of growing dairy bulls due to lower energy intake and poorer feed conversion. Instead, replacing moderate digestible grass silage with whole-crop barley or with whole-crop barley and hairy vetch mixture silage resulted in no differences in the performance or carcass characteristics parameters of growing dairy bulls.;

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Growth Characteristics and Productivity of New Hairy Vetch(Vicia villosa Roth) Early-Maturing "Cold Green" and Medium-Late Maturing "Cheong Pa"

Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science ◽

10.5333/kgfs.2007.27.4.257 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 257-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chung-Nam Shin ◽

Ki-Hwan Ko ◽

Jong-Tak Kim ◽

Joung-Kyong Lee ◽

Sung Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Characteristics ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Vicia Villosa ◽

Early Maturing

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Effect of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) and vetch-rye (Secale cereale L.) biculture cover crops and plastic mulching in high tunnel vegetable production under organic management

Biological Agriculture & Horticulture ◽

10.1080/01448765.2019.1625074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 248-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. Domagała-Świątkiewicz ◽

P. Siwek ◽

P. Bucki ◽

K. Rabiasz

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Vicia Villosa ◽

Organic Management ◽

High Tunnel ◽

Plastic Mulching ◽

Secale Cereale L

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Effect of nodule formation in roots of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) on methane and nitrous oxide emissions during succeeding rice cultivation

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2013.06.021 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 178 ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Prabhat Pramanik ◽

Md. Mozammel Haque ◽

Pil Joo Kim

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Nodule Formation ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Vicia Villosa

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Global warming as affected by incorporation of variably aged biomass of hairy vetch for rice cultivation

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr15061 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 346 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Mozammel Haque ◽

Jatish Chandra Biswas ◽

Tatoba R. Waghmode ◽

Pil Joo Kim

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Emission Rates ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Closed Chamber ◽

Vicia Villosa ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is cultivated during the cold fallow season in paddy soils of temperate countries such as South Korea and Japan, mostly as animal feed and green manure. Information on the effect of ageing of hairy vetch incorporation in relation to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) is not available. Therefore, hairy vetch biomass of ages 183, 190, 197, and 204 days was incorporated in paddy soil to estimate GWP during rice cultivation. The emission rates of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases were monitored once a week by using the closed-chamber method. The net ecosystem carbon budget was used to estimate pure CO2 emission fluxes. Biomass production of hairy vetch was 6.5 Mg ha–1 at 204 days, which was similar to other treatments. The GWP was lower with the 204-day-old vetch biomass incorporation than with other treatments. High content of cellulose and lignin in 204-day-old hairy vetch might have affected decomposition rate and subsequently reduced GHGs emissions during rice cultivation. Our results suggest that hairy vetch can be allowed to grow for 204 days before incorporation at 3 Mg ha–1 without sacrificing rice yield, while maximising biomass production and minimising GWP during rice cultivation.

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