Study on HAM Coupling Migration of Complex Air-tightness Defect Structure Caused by Air Leakage

In this study it has been investigated whether and to what extent, repeated moisture cycles affect the airleakage through clamped overlap joints in the vapour barrier layer. Use of clamped joints is a traditionalway to make airtight joints in the wind- and vapour barrier used in wood frame walls in Norway and othercountries. A laboratory test has been carried out, with a total of 63 pressure tests, being carried out on 9 testsamples, consisting of overlap joints of 0.15 mm polyethylene film clamped between a wooden batten andstud. Each sample was tested seven times after repeated drying and humidification, where the moisturevalues of the sub-cycles were chosen to represent the annual variations of indoor relative humidity.The laboratory test materials were mounted with machine nails with various center spacing (150 mm,300 mm and 450 mm). The overlap joints of the vapour barrier were in the end of the test sealed withadhesive tape, revealing to what extent this over a longer period of time will be beneficial.The results showed that the first moisture cycle (drying) resulted in significant increase of air leakage forall the sample variants. Throughout the moisture cycles, a further strong leakage development for centerspacing 450 mm was observed, which was less for 300 mm, and non-existent for 150 mm. The gain ofusing structural adhesive tape was found to largely depend on the level of perforation resulting from thenails and their center distance. Adhesive tape on the joints resulted in the greatest reduction in leakagenumbers where the center distance between the nails was high, i.e. the reduction was 58% for centerdistance 450 mm. However, with shorter center distance the use of tape only decreased the air leakagebetween 22-39%, revealing the fact that a large part of the joint leakage is through the nail perforations.

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An Cold Experimental Analysis of Draught System with Chain-Grate Stoker

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.1236 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 230-232 ◽

pp. 1236-1241

Author(s):

Zhi Ying Zhang ◽

Jia Hua Lu

Keyword(s):

Complex Structure ◽

Air Distribution ◽

State Testing ◽

Air Leakage ◽

High Demand ◽

Air Supply ◽

Air Tightness ◽

The Cost ◽

Testing And Evaluation ◽

Machine Work

The study of cold state testing and evaluation analysis were carried on the practical running chain-grate stoker, which has an air-supply system with air storehouse and airtrough, to study the air-distribution, air leakage, air tightness and air governing. The result shows that horizontal air distribution across the furnace and the air tightness of the components such as the air port (damper) and airtrough are good. However the air leakage is large because of the complex structure and the high demand of integrated air tightness either in the front or the back of the stoker. The cost of the stoker is high because of large quantity of machine work after casting and high demand of installation, thus the structure should be improved.

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Quantifying air leakage through party walls in Toronto semidetached and row-home dwellings

10.32920/ryerson.14657412.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Austin Todd

Keyword(s):

Air Leakage ◽

Single Family ◽

Masonry Construction ◽

Common Wall ◽

Air Tightness ◽

Wood Frame ◽

Frame Construction ◽

New Buildings ◽

Adjacent Unit ◽

Party Wall

This study contributes to the development of quantifying and understanding building air tightness as it relates to Toronto semi-detached and row homes, particularly party walls. While infiltration characteristics of single family detached homes have been widely developed and understood, the isolation of semi-detached and row home single family dwelling units is relatively unexplored. When quantifying air leakage in a building attached to an adjacent dwelling unit, air is drawn through the exterior envelope as well as the party wall (i.e. shared common wall). The purpose of the proposed testing method, guarded blower door testing, is to isolate air leakage through the party wall from the envelope. Currently the party wall is considered a fire-rated assembly but is not part of the air barrier system. Issues associated with party wall air leakage include spread of fire, indoor air quality, transfer of tobacco smoke between dwellings, and heat loss through the party to attic detail. Data collected on buildings constructed between 1890 and 1920 (Century buildings) has been compared to the data collected on buildings constructed between 2012 to 2017 (new buildings). Air leakage has been collected on twenty-six of Century semi-detached homes with solid masonry construction and twenty-one new semi-detached/row homes of lightweight wood frame construction. Each unit was tested independently and simultaneously, or “guarded”, with the adjacent unit, to pressure neutralize allowing for quantification of envelope and party wall air leakage. Party wall leakage was found to be similar to leakage through the exterior walls. The leakage accounted for 22% of the total infiltration in Century old buildings and 38% in Modern dwellings.

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Quantifying air leakage through party walls in Toronto semidetached and row-home dwellings

10.32920/ryerson.14657412 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Austin Todd

Keyword(s):

Air Leakage ◽

Single Family ◽

Masonry Construction ◽

Common Wall ◽

Air Tightness ◽

Wood Frame ◽

Frame Construction ◽

New Buildings ◽

Adjacent Unit ◽

Party Wall

This study contributes to the development of quantifying and understanding building air tightness as it relates to Toronto semi-detached and row homes, particularly party walls. While infiltration characteristics of single family detached homes have been widely developed and understood, the isolation of semi-detached and row home single family dwelling units is relatively unexplored. When quantifying air leakage in a building attached to an adjacent dwelling unit, air is drawn through the exterior envelope as well as the party wall (i.e. shared common wall). The purpose of the proposed testing method, guarded blower door testing, is to isolate air leakage through the party wall from the envelope. Currently the party wall is considered a fire-rated assembly but is not part of the air barrier system. Issues associated with party wall air leakage include spread of fire, indoor air quality, transfer of tobacco smoke between dwellings, and heat loss through the party to attic detail. Data collected on buildings constructed between 1890 and 1920 (Century buildings) has been compared to the data collected on buildings constructed between 2012 to 2017 (new buildings). Air leakage has been collected on twenty-six of Century semi-detached homes with solid masonry construction and twenty-one new semi-detached/row homes of lightweight wood frame construction. Each unit was tested independently and simultaneously, or “guarded”, with the adjacent unit, to pressure neutralize allowing for quantification of envelope and party wall air leakage. Party wall leakage was found to be similar to leakage through the exterior walls. The leakage accounted for 22% of the total infiltration in Century old buildings and 38% in Modern dwellings.

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Electron Microscope Observations of Mechanical Metamorphism in Iron Meteorites

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100069430 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 488-489

Author(s):

D. Faulkner ◽

G.W. Lorimer ◽

H.J. Axon

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Defect Structure ◽

Shock Loading ◽

List Type ◽

Iron Meteorites

It is now generally accepted that meteorites are fragments produced by the collision of parent bodies of asteroidal dimensions. Optical metallographic evidence suggests that there exists a group of iron meteorites which exhibit structures similar to those observed in explosively shock loaded iron. It seems likely that shock loading of meteorites could be produced by preterrestrial impact of their parent bodies as mentioned above.We have therefore looked at the defect structure of one of these meteorites (Trenton) and compared the results with those made on a) an unshocked ‘standard’ meteorite (Canyon Diablo)b) an artificially shocked ‘standard’ meteorite (Canyon Diablo) andc) an artificially shocked specimen of pure α-iron.

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A new type of defect structure in 124-superconducting oxide revealed by HREM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100089779 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 1092-1093

Author(s):

R. Sharma ◽

B.L. Ramakrishna ◽

N.N. Thadhani ◽

D. Hianes ◽

Z. Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Shock Wave ◽

Defect Structure ◽

Neutron Radiation ◽

Weak Links ◽

Defect Structures ◽

New Materials ◽

New Type ◽

Current Densities ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

Microstructural Studies

After materials with superconducting temperatures higher than liquid nitrogen have been prepared, more emphasis has been on increasing the current densities (Jc) of high Tc superconductors than finding new materials with higher transition temperatures. Different processing techniques i.e thin films, shock wave processing, neutron radiation etc. have been applied in order to increase Jc. Microstructural studies of compounds thus prepared have shown either a decrease in gram boundaries that act as weak-links or increase in defect structure that act as flux-pinning centers. We have studied shock wave synthesized Tl-Ba-Cu-O and shock wave processed Y-123 superconductors with somewhat different properties compared to those prepared by solid-state reaction. Here we report the defect structures observed in the shock-processed Y-124 superconductors.

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Defects in ion implanted silicon

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100109070 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 386-387

Author(s):

J.A. Lambert ◽

P.S. Dobson

Keyword(s):

Defect Structure ◽

Dislocation Loops ◽

Frank Loop ◽

Burgers Vector ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Perfect Dislocation ◽

Contrast Analysis ◽

Image Position ◽

Ion Implanted

The defect structure of ion-implanted silicon, which has been annealed in the temperature range 800°C-1100°C, consists of extrinsic Frank faulted loops and perfect dislocation loops, together with‘rod like’ defects elongated along <110> directions. Various structures have been suggested for the elongated defects and it was argued that an extrinsically faulted Frank loop could undergo partial shear to yield an intrinsically faulted defect having a Burgers vector of 1/6 <411>.This defect has been observed in boron implanted silicon (1015 B+ cm-2 40KeV) and a detailed contrast analysis has confirmed the proposed structure.

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A crystallographic analysis of the CoSi/Si(111) interface using Transmission Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100176009 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 574-575

Author(s):

A.C. Daykin ◽

C.J. Kiely ◽

R.C. Pond ◽

J.L. Batstone

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Defect Structure ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Theoretical Method ◽

Crystallographic Analysis ◽

Si Substrate ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Theoretical Predictions

When CoSi2 is grown onto a Si(111) surface it can form in two distinct orientations. A-type CoSi2 has the same orientation as the Si substrate and B-type is rotated by 180° degrees about the [111] surface normal.One method of producing epitaxial CoSi2 is to deposit Co at room temperature and anneal to 650°C.If greater than 10Å of Co is deposited then both A and B-type CoSi2 form via a number of intermediate silicides .The literature suggests that the co-existence of A and B-type CoSi2 is in some way linked to these intermediate silicides analogous to the NiSi2/Si(111) system. The phase which forms prior to complete CoSi2 formation is CoSi. This paper is a crystallographic analysis of the CoSi2/Si(l11) bicrystal using a theoretical method developed by Pond. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used to verify the theoretical predictions and to characterise the defect structure at the interface.

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