Current biodiesel production technologies: A comparative review

Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils. This study reviews the feasibility of the state-of-the-art feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel synthesis such as availability, and capacity to cover a significant proportion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks. The comparison of biodiesel production and parametric analysis is done critically, which is necessary to come up with the most appropriate feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Since the critical comparison of feedstocks along with oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies has never been done before, this will help to direct future researchers to use more sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. This study concluded that the use of third-generation feedstocks (wastes) is the most appropriate way for sustainable biodiesel production. The use of innovative costless oil extraction technologies including supercritical and microwave-assisted transesterification method is recommended for oil extraction.

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Comparative review of hydrogen production technologies for nuclear hybrid energy systems

Progress in Nuclear Energy ◽

10.1016/j.pnucene.2020.103317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. 103317 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Roxanne Pinsky ◽

Piyush Sabharwall ◽

Jeremy Hartvigsen ◽

James O’Brien

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Hybrid Energy ◽

Hybrid Energy Systems ◽

Comparative Review ◽

Production Technologies

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A global comparative review of biodiesel production from jatropha curcas using different homogeneous acid and alkaline catalysts: Study of physical and chemical properties

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.044 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 514-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

A.S. Silitonga ◽

H.H. Masjuki ◽

T.M.I. Mahlia ◽

H.C. Ong ◽

A.E. Atabani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Comparative Review ◽

Homogeneous Acid ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

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Progress of Microalgal Biodiesel Research in Pakistan

Comparative study of M. oleifera and M. ovalifolia survival rates in Central Namibia ◽

10.24966/pscr-3743/100004 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Yue Shi ◽

Keyword(s):

Algal Biomass ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Government Support ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Compressed Natural Gas ◽

Local Resources ◽

Microalgal Biodiesel ◽

Production Technologies

Excessive use of fossil fuels has led to severe energy calamity and environmental pollution in the world. The effect can be mitigated by shifting from conventional fuels to biofuel which may become a replacement of fuels such as diesel, gasoline and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). Algal biomass is considered as one of the most promising and emerging sources of biodiesel production. Technologies related to biodiesel production using algal biomass have gained initial foothold in Pakistan but have failed miserably in gaining necessary momentum due to lack of government support to technology. The aim of this study is to indicate the progress and future perspectives of biodiesel production in Pakistan through microalgae. The study indicates that a microalgae is one of the best candidates for biodiesel production in addition to other energy crops like Jatropha, Castor and Pongamia Pinnata. There is a need to expeditiously develop biodiesel technology using local resources to lower the burden of imports on country’s economy while also bringing security of energy resources.

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Heterogeneous base-catalyzed methanolysis of vegetable oils: State of art

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind100304012m ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 63-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marija Miladinovic ◽

Ivana Lukic ◽

Olivera Stamenkovic ◽

Vlada Veljkovic ◽

Dejan Skala

Keyword(s):

Catalyst Preparation ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Huge Amount ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Catalytic Systems ◽

Production Technologies ◽

Heterogeneous Base ◽

Near Future ◽

State Of Art

Today, homogeneous base-catalyzed methanolysis is most frequently used method for industrial biodiesel production. High requirements for the quality of feedstocks and the problems related to a huge amount of wastewaters have led to the development of novel biodiesel production technologies. Among them, the most important is heterogeneous base-catalyzed methanolysis, which has been intensively investigated in the last decade in order to develop new catalytic systems, to optimize the reaction conditions and to recycle catalysts. These studies are a base for developing continuous biodiesel production on industrial scale in near future. The present work summarizes up-to-date studies on biodiesel production by heterogeneous base-catalyzed methanolysis. The main goals were to point out the application of different base compounds as catalysts, the methods of catalyst preparation, impregnation on carriers and recycling as well as the possibilities to improve existing base-catalyzed biodiesel production processes and to develop novel ones.

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Biodiesel Production Technologies

Revista Virtual de Química ◽

10.5935/1984-6835.20110043 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Luiz P. Ramos ◽

Fabiano R. da Silva ◽

Antonio S. Mangrich ◽

Claudiney S. Cordeiro

Keyword(s):

Biodiesel Production ◽

Production Technologies

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Feasibility Evaluation of a Biodiesel Plant fed by Recycled Edible Oils Comparing two Alternative Production Technologies

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.001261 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 1019-1028 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Edible Oils ◽

Production Method ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Feasibility Evaluation ◽

Industrial Unit ◽

Production Technologies ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Cooking Oils

<div> <p>The present work is about the techno-economic evaluation of a biodiesel industrial unit that exclusively use recycled edible oils as feedstock, for two alternative production technologies. Nowadays, many biodiesel production units use a mixture of virgin vegetable oils and waste cooking oils. The examined unit will use only waste cooking oil as raw material. Thus, two different methods for biodiesel production are assessed on a financial basis for different biodiesel prices. The investigated methods are the alkaline transesterification (a very common biodiesel production method) and the supercritical transesterification (a method with non sensitivity in moisture and free fatty acids and thus not requiring a pre-treatment stage). According to the financial evaluation, the acceptance of the project for each technology is strongly affected by biodiesel’s price. The results showed that the alkaline transesterification based project is accepted for the whole examined prices’ range while for supercritical transesterification, the project is accepted for biodiesel prices of about 0.75-0.85 €/L. </p> </div> <p> </p>

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A Review on Biodiesel Production: Breeding Technologies of Microalgae Containing Rich Lipid

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.759 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 472 ◽

pp. 759-763

Author(s):

Chao Ma ◽

Bing Feng Liu ◽

Hong Yu Ren ◽

Nan Qi Ren

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Production Cost ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

High Lipid ◽

Key Factor ◽

Production Technologies ◽

Photosynthetic Microorganisms ◽

Fast Growth Rate

Among different biodiesel production technologies, microalgae biodiesel production has exhibited largest potential as an substitute of fossil fuels. Microalgae are effective photosynthetic microorganisms and ideal materials for biodiesel production because they have many advantages, such as the high lipid content, fast growth rate and good adaptability. Most key factor for the industrialization of microalgae biodiesel production is selecting the microalgae with rich lipid, which determines the production cost of microalgae biodiesel. The different breeding technologies of microalgae can significantly shorten the breeding time, reduce the production cost and obtain expected strains. The prospect of microalgael application in biodiesel production was also discussed.

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